Export Of Chinese Enterprises And Gender Difference In Employment

Since China’s accession to the WTO,it has actively integrated into the global economic integration and made remarkable achievements in its foreign trade,which has greatly promoted the rapid growth of the national economy and the upgrading of the industrial structure.However,many statistical data and research findings show that while the continuous expansion of opening to the outside world and the vigorous development of foreign trade,The problem of income inequality between different groups in our country has been highlighted and expanded at the same time.Particularly notable are changes in the employment ratio and wage gap between the sexes in the Labour market.The employment effect and income distribution effect of international trade have always attracted the attention of many scholars,and the relevant research results have accumulated.Different from previous literatures,this paper takes export,an important source of economic growth,as the entry point to discuss its impact on the gender difference in employment within enterprises,and tries to give a theoretical explanation for its influence.Finally,some policy suggestions are given to narrow the gender gap in employment.In theory,it will help to supplement the research gap on this issue.Under the background of disappearing demographic dividend and increasingly severe aging population,it is also of great practical significance to narrow the employment gender gap and release women’s employment potential so as to promote the long-term good development of our economy.First of all,centering on the research theme of this paper,this paper sorts out and summarizes the relevant research literature of domestic and foreign scholars,which mainly includes two aspects: one is the employment gender difference in the labor market,the other is the relationship between international trade and the labor market.Combined with H-O-S theory,discrimination economics theory and New new trade theory,this paper expounds the theoretical basis of the influence of export on gender difference in employment.Then,this paper analyzes its mechanism from six aspects,including education,technological progress,internationalization and competition intensification.Secondly,based on the matching data set of Chinese industrial enterprises and customs import and export enterprises from 2004 to 2007,this paper calculatesthe proportion of female employment and the gender wage gap at the level of Chinese manufacturing enterprises by referring to the calculation methods of previous literatures,and uses the fixed-effect regression model to discuss the influence of enterprise exports on the proportion of female employment and the gender wage gap within enterprises.The results show that:(1)From the baseline regression results,export trade will increase the share of female employees,but will widen the wage gap between the sexes.(2)From the robustness test results,the robustness of benchmark regression results is demonstrated from different dimensions of enterprise exports,changing model setting and using propensity score matching method to overcome the problem of sample self-selection.(3)Further heterogeneity analysis shows that the results of benchmark regression have different performance for enterprises in different industries,different regions and different ownership.Finally,on the basis of the research conclusions,this paper gives several corresponding policy suggestions: first,actively guide and improve the behavior of export enterprises;Second,enterprises should pay attention to the construction of staff training system;Third,increase investment in female education and correct the concept of gender inequality in society;Fourth,establish a sound legal system for protecting the rights and interests of female workers.In order to provide some reference for the formulation of relevant policy in the future.