Social Changes In Pastoral Areas From The Perspective Of Female Anthropology

With the continuous advance of modernization,Tibet has undergone qualitative changes in political economy,cultural life,social environment and daily behavior since the democratic reform.Among them,the pastoral area social change is the most obvious.This paper takes women in Namco Village,Namco Township,Dangxiong County,Lhasa,Tibet Autonomous Region,as the main field objects.From the perspective of female anthropology,through the use of ethnological methods such as participant observation,questionnaire survey,in-depth interview,literature analysis and other research methods,it extensively collects first-hand information about the production and life of women in Namco Village.The changes of their marriage and family,social division of labor,way of living,ideology and other aspects were studied.This paper aims to further reveal the changes in economic income,social structure,cultural traditions and customs of the people in the pastoral areas of Tibet since the democratic reform,especially since the reform and opening up.The article consists of six parts.The introduction mainly expounds the purpose and significance of the research,reviews the relevant research status and makes a brief overview of the field points.The first chapter describes the changes of women’s marriage and family in pastoral areas from the aspects of marriage circle and mate selection,wedding process and marriage stability,marriage form and family structure.At present,the intermarriage circle of women in Namtso village is constantly expanding,with diversified and subjective ways of choosing a mate,diversified wedding process,and gradually single marriage form,which leads to smaller family size and structure.Women in pastoral areas realize free and independent marriage.The second chapter tells the change of the way of gender division of labor from the four aspects of traditional men’s events,women’s trifles,men’s external affairs and women’s internal affairs,modern gender cooperation and technological factors in the role of gender division of labor.It is stated that although women are under the patriarchal rule in traditional society,they still have a certain autonomy in the distribution of family resources and economic control.After the reform,they exert their independent initiative and actively participate in various social activities and industries,so as to change the traditional gender division of labor.The third chapter tells about the traditional ways of living of women in Namtso village,and the changes of traditional ways of living in the new era and new opportunities,as well as the political and economic security.Women in Namtso village get out of the family and engage in various emerging industries such as tourism,commerce and service industry,broadening their horizons and diversifying the ways of living of women in pastoral areas.The fourth chapter describes the changes of women’s external cultural representations such as dress and entertainment and internal ideas such as education,fertility and consumption in pastoral areas.With the change of external social and cultural environment,women’s external cultural representation and internal ideas appear new changes through innovation,functionalization and communication.Compared with the past,women now pay more attention to the realization of their self-worth,have relatively greater reproductive decision-making power,and have a stronger sense of social responsibility and participation.In the conclusion part,it summarizes the changes and influence mechanism in the production and life of women in Namtso village,and prospects the changes of social life in the pastoral area dominated by women in Namtso Village.Under the current political,economic,technological,ideological,competition,conflict,structural tension and other factors,the life of women in pastoral areas is gradually becoming modernized.New values and behavior patterns also make their life increasingly complicated.As a member of the pastoral society,the changes of women’s living space and production mode reflect the changes of the pastoral society,and the overall changes of the pastoral society also promote the changes of women.Women in pastoral areas in the new era show the style of contemporary new women with their own wisdom,and increasingly become an important force in the modernization of pastoral areas.