Research On The Application Of Homemade Teaching Aids In Middle School Physics Teaching

"Experimental inquiry" is one of the important ways to reflect the practical characteristics of physics curriculum.The 2022 edition of Physics Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education further defines the requirements of standardizing experimental inquiry,and further emphasizes the importance of "learning by doing" and "learning by using".Self-made teaching aids have the characteristics of low cost,visuality,flexibility and simpleness,so that it has a unique advantage in practical application.Students can use daily available articles or waste materials to make some small models and small appliances,which enables students to establish physical and practical life contact.It can also help to enhance students’ hands-on ability,meanwhile,it stimulates students’ interest in physics learning.It helps solve problems such as the shortage of laboratory equipment.Experimental teaching with self-made teaching aids is one of the important ways to improve students’ key competence,and also an important embodiment of the unique education value of physics curriculum.It has important practical significance to improve the classroom teaching efficiency of junior physics and promote the all-round development of students.In order to be close to reality,based on studying and sorting out related articles,the questionnaire survey named "Application of selfmade teaching aids in junior physics classroom" was conducted on the teachers and students of key middle school in Yantai,Shandong Province.It was found that there were still many problems in experimental teaching in junior physics classrooms:(1)The school has the problem of "more students,less equipment".Due to the shortage of equipment,it is difficult for teachers to coordinate.(2)The equipment is worn and old after a long time of use,which cannot meet the daily teaching needs of the school.(3)Teachers can realize the importance of experimental teaching,but due to the limitation of production ability and energy,they rely more on the existing teaching aids in the laboratories.(4)The "infusion" teaching method still exists which focuses on multimedia presentation or explanation of knowledge.This kind of teaching method not only can’t meet the requirements of the middle school physics curriculum standards,but also become more and more unsuitable for the reform direction of the senior high school entrance examination.According to the guidance of excellent teachers and combined with practical teaching experience,based on actual cases,this paper analyzes the important role of applying self-made teaching aids to practical teaching.Self-made teaching aids have the characteristics of economic practicability,intuitiveness,inspiration,pertinence and science,which can effectively strengthen the connection between physics and real life,stimulate students’ interest in learning,intuitively enhance the demonstration effect,and cultivate students’ awareness of questioning and innovation.It not only meets the requirements of physics curriculum standards,but also effectively improves students’ classroom learning efficiency.Therefore,it is significant to develop self-made teaching aids in physics classroom.In order to help teachers better design and use self-made teaching aids,combined with excellent teachers’ guidance and their own experience,the author briefly described the production methods and basic steps of self-made teaching aids in junior physics.Common methods of self-made teaching aids are as follows:(1)Transform the original teaching aids,innovate teaching aids.(2)Make teaching aids by analogy with similar knowledge.(3)Make teaching aids for frequently-made mistakes,(4)Reproduce textbook experiments,etc.The author has taken the following principles into account:(1)Objective and scientific principle(2)Enlightening and innovative principle(3)Intuitive and flexible principle(4)Safe and economic principle.The basic steps are:(1)Be clear to production purpose,and determine the production direction.(2)Analyze the textbook in depth and grasp the learning situation fully.(3)Look up materials,determine the experimental scheme.(4)Put the teaching aids into practical operation,find and modify the problem.(5)Debug and stereotype self-made teaching aids.Based on the previously mentioned methods,principles and steps,the author will show the application effect of self-made teaching aids applied in all aspects of junior physics classroom practice,and the complete classroom design and practical application of innovative self-made teaching aids in "buoyancy" and "atmospheric pressure" was carried out.Finally,the advantages of the self-made teaching aids applied in physics classroom teaching were intuitively demonstrated through interviews and comparison results.SPSS software was used to test the reliability and validity of the score analysis,and its Alpha value was0.956,indicating good reliability.Independent sample T test was conducted on the initial and final scores of the two classes,and the initial P value of the two classes was 0.126.The initial results of the two classes are not significantly different;The final P value of the two classes is0.013,indicating a significant difference between the two classes.Research shows that self-made teaching aids applied in physics classroom can effectively solve the problem of teaching aids shortage,effectively help students understand the knowledge,improve academic performance,and is an effective way to achieve the goal of improving students’ key competence.