A Comparative Study Of Problem Situations And Their Teaching Functions In Junior High School Mathematics Textbooks

Nowadays,mathematical literacy has been closely concerned by international mathematics education.In the process of mathematics teaching,the formation of mathematical literacy is inseparable from the problem situation.As an important part of textbooks,mathematical problems cannot be generated without mathematical situations.From the perspective of problem situations,this paper uses the method of textual analysis to study the number,teaching functions and presentation methods of problem situations in PEP and Shanghai Education Press textbooks,and compares them with Prentice Hall textbooks in the United States.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In terms of the number of problem situations,PEP has the largest number of147,followed by the US PH edition and the Shanghai Education Edition has the least.In the three sets of textbooks,the number of personal situations is the main,and the social situations are the least;Among them,the personal situation of the PH textbook in the United States accounts for the highest proportion,reaching 84%;In other types of situations,the number of Shanghai Education Press and PH Edition is very small,and both are less than PEP.(2)From the perspective of problem situation teaching function,the situation function of Shanghai Education Press and People’s Education Press textbooks accounts for the majority of knowledge understanding and consolidation and problem solving functions,but PEP textbooks pay more attention to the use of problem situations to organize teaching,especially in the process of concept introduction and knowledge meaning understanding,and use situations to cultivate students’ abstract ability and problem solving ability;The problem situation function of American PH textbook is mainly "situation representation",that is,mathematization(finding and expressing problems in mathematical language).Compared with Shanghai Education Press,the problem situation of PEP and PH textbooks is more closely related to the teaching process.From the perspective of presentation,the three sets of textbooks are mainly in the form of words,and the problem situations of the three editions of textbooks mostly appear in the example exercises,especially in the textbooks of Shanghai Education Press,which specially present relevant practical problems in the form of sections.