An Investigation And Intervention Study On Spatial Orientation Cognitive Development Of Children With Moderate Mental Retardation

The cognition of spatial orientation is an important part of children’s intelligence development,which has a series of relations with human’s living environment and things,play an important role in daily life.At present,there are few studies on the developmental characteristics and intervention of spatial orientation concept of moderate mental retardation children in China,at the same time in all the spatial orientation of the “Up-down,forward-back,left-right” three groups of spatial orientation is directly represented by the direction of the 3D.According to this,this research takes the orientation“Up/down,front/back,left/right” which represents the direction in the three-dimensional world and has the direction function as the cut-in point,to conduct a comprehensive study on the mastery of children with moderate mental retardation from the two ability dimensions of understanding and production,therefore,the developmental order and characteristics of the three groups of spatial orientation comprehension and production ability of moderate mental retardation children were summarized.In addition,according to the results of the“Spatial orientation cognitive ability test table” in study 1,the spatial orientation of the target was selected,a picture-book-based“Four-step intervention method” was designed to meet the spatial orientation understanding and production ability of children with moderate mental retardation,and its effectiveness was finally verified through a single experimental study of subjects.This study consists of two parts:1.A study on the developmental characteristics of “Up/down,front/back,left/right” spatial orientation understanding and production ability in children with moderate mental retardationIn this study,27 children with moderate mental retardation were tested one-to-one through the spatial orientation cognition test,and the data collected in the two parts of comprehension and production were analyzed by one-way Anova,the results were as follows:(1)there were significant differences in the cognitive comprehension of spatial orientation between the children with moderate mental retardation and those with moderate mental retardation.Taking the average score of 75% as the passing rate,the comprehension ability of “Up/down,front/back” orientation was obviously higher than that of “Left/right” orientation,and the comprehension ability of “Left/right”orientation was the worst,(2)there were significant differences in the ability of cognitive production of spatial orientation among the children with moderate mental retardation,such as “Up/down”,“Front/back” and “Left/right”.The passing rate was75% of the average score required by the test table,and the average score of “Up/down”orientation reached the standard.The average scores of “Front/back,left/right” did not reach the standard,and “Left/right” was the worst.2.Intervention study on spatial orientation cognitive ability of children with moderate mental retardationAccording to the results of study 1,this study conducted an intervention on the“Left/right” orientation comprehension ability and “Front/back” orientation production ability of children with moderate mental retardation.Through the design of dialoguebased reading and game play picture book “Four-step Intervention” program,two cases were selected to carry out the intervention of “Left/right” orientation understanding ability and “Front/back” orientation generating ability.This paper adopts A-B-A experimental design in a single-subject experimental study,and carries on the visual analysis to the collected data,supplemented with the analysis of the results of semistructured interviews with teachers.The results showed that the picture-book-based "four step intervention method" could improve the ability of understanding and producing target spatial orientation,and had a good maintenance effect.