A Study Of Executive Function And P300 Of College Students Majoring In Martial Arts With Different Field Cognitive Styles

Research objectives: By using Stroop,More-Odd shifting,2-back tasks and ERP techniques,we explore the differences of executive function and event-related potential P300 indexes of students majoring in martial arts with different field cognitive styles(routine and Sanda specialty),which can provide reference for physical education teaching,sports training and material selection.Research methods: Undergraduates majoring in martial arts in Changqinghu Campus of Shandong Normal University were recruited specializing in Sanda and routine.By filling out Embedded Figures Test combined with the screening of conventional scale,two cognitive styles of field-independent athletes and field-dependent athletes were obtained,which were then divided into field-independent Sanda group,field-dependent Sanda group,field-independent routine group and field-dependent routine group.60 participants in the experiment were tested for their executive function.The experiment was implemented by Stroop task(measuring inhibition function),More-Odd shifting(measuring shift function)and 2-back(measuring refresh function).The response time and accuracy in different conditions of Stroop,the switching response time and correct rate of More-Odd shifting,and the switching response time and correct rate of 2-back were used to compare the differences among different cognitive styles and students majoring in different martial arts specialties.There were 52 participants in the EEG experiment.The Oddball paradigm was used to induce event-related potential P300,and the latent period and amplitude of P300 were used to compare the differences between different field cognitive styles and students majoring in different martial arts speciality.Research results:(1)In both the Stroop and 2-back tasks,the response time of students majoring in field-independent martial arts was significantly shorter than that of students who major in field-dependent martial arts(p<0.05),while there was no significant difference in accuracy between the two groups(p>0.05).Additionally,the response time of students specializing in Routine was significantly shorter than that of students specializing in Sanda(p<0.05),and the difference in accuracy was not significant(p>0.05).In the More odd-shifting task,there were no significant differences in response time and accuracy among students with different cognitive styles in the martial arts major(p>0.05),as well as among students with different martial arts specializations(p>0.05).(2)In term of Stroop conflict response times,interaction effects between field cognitive styles and martial arts specialization were found to be significant(p<0.05).Specifically,field-independent participants majoring in Sanda demonstrated significantly shorter conflict response times than their field-dependent counterparts(p<0.05).Meanwhile,among field-dependent participants,those majoring in the Routine showed significantly shorter conflict response times than those majoring in Sanda(p<0.05).As for Stroop conflict accuracy,the interaction effects of field cognitive styles and martial arts specialization were found to be non-significant(p>0.05).However,with regards to 2-back mean response times,these interaction effects exhibited marginal significance(p=0.059).The mean response times of field-independent participants majoring in Sanda were found to be significantly shorter than the field-dependent participants(p<0.05).Meanwhile,among field-dependent participants,those majoring in Routine exhibited shorter mean response times than their Sanda counterparts(p<0.05)indicating a significant difference.No significant interaction effects were detected on 2-back mean accuracy between field cognitive styles and martial arts specialization(p>0.05);additionally,no significant interaction effects(p>0.05)were found on measures of conversion response times and conversion accuracy of the "More odd-shifting" task.(3)Field-dependent students majoring in material arts exhibited smaller P300 amplitudes than their field-independent counterparts(p<0.05),with no significant differences in latency(p>0.05).Additionally,students participating in Sanda demonstrated lower P300 latencies compared to participants majoring in Routine(p<0.05);however,their amplitudes exhibited significance(p<0.05)or marginal significance(p=0.077).In terms of P300 latency and amplitude,no significant interaction effects between field cognitive styles and martial arts specialization were observed.Research conclusion:(1)Field-independent students specializing in martial arts outperformed their field-dependent counterparts in terms of inhibitory control and refreshing,but not conversion.Similarly,participants majoring in Routine demonstrated superior inhibitory control and refreshing skills when compared to those majoring in Sanda,without differences in conversion ability.(2)Field-independent students specializing in martial arts exhibited superior inhibitory control and refreshing compared to their field-dependent counterparts majoring in Sanda.Likewise,field-dependent students participating in Routine performed better on inhibitory control and refreshing compared to its Sanda equivalents.(3)Field-independent students majoring in martial arts may exhibit higher levels of effective resource allocation than their field-dependent counterparts,without necessarily possessing an advantage in cognitive processing speed.Furthermore,participants in Routine likely demonstrate superior effective resource allocation capacity compared to those in Sanda,although the latter group may display better cognitive processing speed.