Causes And Transformation Strategies Of Mechanics Concepts Learning Difficulties In High School Physics

High school physics can cultivate students’ rational thinking and mathematical logic,that is crucial for the future development of students.But in high school,it is difficult to learn physical well.Many students have difficulty in physics study.In addition to other factors,More and more students have difficulty in it.The concept of mechanics is the focus of the whole physics learning stage,Therefore this paper focuses on the causes of difficulty in learning mechanics concepts in high school physics.Firstly,the author defined the two concepts of "physical concept" and "learning difficulties" by searching the data,and summarized the research status of "causes and transformation strategies of mechanics concepts learning difficulties in high school physics" at home and abroad.The author summarized 23 concepts of high school physics mechanics through the analysis of compulsory one and compulsory two in the teaching textbook of high school Physics(2020edition),and compiled a questionnaire survey for teachers based on these 23 concepts.The content of the questionnaire is,teachers were asked to rate the importance of 23 mechanics concepts according to their understanding of them and their own teaching experience.From this,the three most core mechanical concepts that teachers think are drawn: "Newton’s Second law","Law of conservation of mechanical energy" and "flat throwing motion".Next,the study conducted an FCI questionnaire on 1210 students.The author studied the students’ error options based on the questionnaire and analyzed the reasons for the errors.Then,the author interviewed students with high error rates in the FCI questionnaire survey,and analyzed that the causes of learning difficulties in high school physical mechanics concepts are divided into non-knowledge factors and knowledge factors.Non-knowledge factors: teacher factors: lack of professional knowledge of teachers,traditional teaching methods,insufficient personal charm,and biased target positioning;Student factors: lack of interest and motivation in physics learning,improper physical learning methods and habits of students,and inability to properly cope with problems between teachers and students.Knowledge factors: learning difficulties caused by the formation of concepts,learning difficulties caused by the understanding of concepts,learning difficulties caused by the application of concepts.In response to the results of the questionnaire survey and the problems reflected in the face-to-face interview,the author proposes corresponding conversion strategies.Transformation strategies in terms of non-knowledge factors: starting from the teacher factor,it is recommended that teachers improve their professional knowledge,enrich teaching methods,cultivate their own personality charm,carry out correct target positioning,and cultivate students’ interest and motivation in physical learning;Starting from the student factors,it is recommended that students cultivate good physics learning methods and learning habits-remember the basic knowledge,combine preparation and review,outline the key points while doing questions,regularly sort out the knowledge points,apply the physics knowledge learned to life,and take the initiative to communicate with the teacher.Transformation strategy of knowledge factors: The transformation strategy adopted for the formation of concepts is to grasp students’ pre-error concepts,create contradictions and conflicts with pre-error concepts,and let students form correct concepts through teaching design;Transformation strategies for conceptual understanding include introducing the history of physics with logic,helping students clarify old and new knowledge relationships,and promoting conceptual understanding in the form of questions;The transformation strategies adopted for the application of concepts include guiding students to establish physical thinking and building physical models,and using variant training to enhance students’ transfer ability.Finally,according to the three core concepts of mechanics,the author gives the difficult transformation teaching design of "Newton’s second law","law of conservation of mechanical energy" and "flat-throw motion".