Research On Backward Design Of Primary School Programming Based On Learning Progressions Theory

In the 21st century,the development trend of informatization and intelligent science and technology has affected the direction of talent training.Among them,programming ability is regarded as one of the important abilities to adapt to the future social development,more and more countries have added programming courses,in this era background and national macro policy guidance,programming education has received unprecedented attention.However,programming teaching still faces some problems in practice,and this study proposes to study programming teaching in primary schools.In March 2022,the Ministry of Education issued a new curriculum standard on information technology to encourage teachers to innovate teaching methods,emphasizing the continuity and advancement of curriculum content and learning objectives.Understanding by design theory is a kind of first determine the teaching goals,and then clarify the evaluation evidence that may be required to achieve the teaching goals,and finally design the teaching mode of teaching activities,the essence is "evaluation first"reverse thinking teaching,throughout the application of reverse teaching design in other disciplines,the author believes that the theory can provide theoretical guidance for improving primary school programming teaching.Learning progressions theory is an emerging theory in science education,which believes that learning should be a constantly developing,continuous and progressive process,emphasizing the continuity of core concept understanding and the advancement of cognitive development,which can effectively guide the determination of teaching content and teaching goals.Therefore,this study proposes to introduce understanding by design theory and learning progressions theory into primary school programming teaching,aiming to construct a reverse teaching design process of primary school programming based on advanced learning theory,so as to improve the teaching effect.This study uses literature research,design-based research,interview and classroom observation to carry out specific research from the following three aspects:First,sort out the relevant literature.On the one hand,the research status of programming teaching in primary schools is sorted out,and according to the existing research,it is proposed that in order to solve the problems of ambiguous teaching objectives and single teaching mode,reverse teaching design can be adopted in primary school programming teaching.On the other hand,the characteristics of reverse teaching design are analyzed,and the advantages and rationality of adopting reverse teaching design in primary school programming teaching are discussed.Finally,combined with the characteristics of the primary school programming course content and the requirements of the new curriculum standard,it is proposed to optimize the reverse teaching design process with the idea of advanced learning.Second,the reverse teaching design process of primary school programming based on learning progressions theory is preliminarily constructed.By analyzing and integrating understanding by design theory and learning progressions theory,the reverse teaching design process based on learning advanced theory is proposed to have the characteristics of core concept dominance,teaching content structure,teaching goal hierarchy,teaching evaluation firstness and teaching activity flexibility,and on this basis,the reverse teaching design process applied to primary school programming teaching is preliminarily constructed.Third,design teaching cases according to the preliminarily constructed process,and test and improve the process through teaching practice.Using the design-based research method,three rounds of teaching practice are carried out,first reverse teaching design,then implementation of teaching,then analysis of teaching effect,and finally reflection on teaching practice and improvement of process,and the reverse teaching design process of the previous round of improvement is used to guide the teaching of the next round of cases.In actual teaching,according to the three rounds of teaching implementation and effect analysis,the author mainly reflects on and improves the teaching activities in the reverse teaching design process,adjusts the teaching by constantly modifying the teaching activities,and finally constructs the reverse teaching design process of primary school programming based on learning progressions theory.