A Study On The Relationship Between Basic Psychological Needs For Physical Exercise,Exercise Motivation And Exercise Behavior Of High School Students

At the present stage,the physical fitness level of adolescents shows the phenomenon of "decreasing age",especially for high school students.Although physical activity has many health benefits,the current situation of high school students’ participation in physical activity is in the state of "knowing but not doing".In order to find out the reasons for this,it was found that scholars have conducted studies on physical activity in different groups,and the research subjects are often focused on college students or older adults,while relatively few studies have been conducted on adolescents,especially high school students.Some studies have found that motivation can have a direct impact on physical activity behavior,but other scholars have pointed out that motivation requires the satisfaction of basic psychological needs,and that basic psychological needs,motivation and exercise behavior are inextricably linked.However,the specific dimension of which basic psychological needs and the type of motivation cause the impact on physical exercise behavior is not sufficiently deep in the current research carried out.Many scholars tend to focus on the surface causes and countermeasures of physical fitness decline,but there is a lack of systematic and in-depth research on the basic psychological needs of individuals for physical exercise,their motivation and the formation mechanism and path of exercise behavior.Therefore,based on the previous studies,this study uses self-determination theory as the theoretical basis,and from the perspective of basic psychological needs theory,it tries to find the inner relationship between basic psychological needs,exercise motivation and physical exercise behavior of high school students during physical exercise.According to the above questions,this study used the literature method,questionnaire method,mathematical and statistical method,and interview method.From a high school in a city,a total of 545 students,among them,259 were male and 286 were female,were selected as the respondents by grade level,from senior high school to senior high school.The three scales of "Exercise Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale","Exercise Situation Motivation Scale" and "Physical Activity Rating Scale" were combined into a "Questionnaire on Physical Exercise Behavior of High School Students" as the measurement tool of this paper,and the software spss22.0 was used to analyze the research.Conclusions:1.There were gender differences in physical exercise self-psychological need satisfaction,exercise motivation and exercise behavior among high school students,and the overall scores were higher for male students than for female students.2.High school students had the highest level of relational perceived satisfaction of basic psychological needs in physical exercise,followed by ability perception and the lowest level of autonomy perception;motivation level showed: identity regulation > internal motivation >no motivation > external motivation;overall exercise amount was generally insufficient,and exercise behavior was especially low in physical exercise intensity and duration,and girls were weaker than boys.3.High school students showed two positive correlations(p < 0.05)between basic psychological needs and self-determined motivation and between self-determined motivation and physical exercise behavior,and between basic psychological needs and physical exercise behavior.Since the motivation level of high school students is not high and the direct effect of motivation on exercise behavior is not significant,it is necessary to promote the level of students’ basic psychological needs to enhance their motivation for physical exercise,and ultimately to promote their physical exercise behavior.4.Both male and female high school students’ basic psychological needs can positively predict physical exercise behavior.Among them,for male students,it is necessary to promote their level of autonomy perception to enhance the intensity of physical exercise on the one hand;to enhance the duration of exercise through the enhancement of ability perception,and to enhance their internal motivation in order to promote the generation of physical exercise behavior on the other hand.For girls,increasing the intensity of physical exercise can be achieved by enhancing the level of relational perception and identity regulation;lengthening the duration of exercise can be achieved by enhancing their level of autonomy perception.