Married Women’s Professional Status And Its Shaping Factors In Urban China

In the labor market,there have been increasing evidences for gender injustice.Working women are often at a disadvantage with respect to job application,occupational segregation,salary treatment and career advancement in the workplace.About gender inequality,many studies have paid attention to women’s participation in labor force,gender earning gap and occupational gender segregation.However,there are comparatively few researches on sexual differences in authority in the workplace.Career advancement is a mechanism by which gender inequality is reproduced in the labor market.Besides,the work authority study has its important practical importance,from the relationship between employment and subjective well-being,women’s socioeconomic status and family status.Because of this,it is essential to study the working women’s career promotion both theoretically and practically.This study uses the data of The China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2014 and 2018,to explain women’s career promotion in 2018 with the respective variables of 2014.We use the binary logit regression and descriptive statistics to systematically examine the impact of family and personal factors on working married women’s career promotion,from the perspective of relative resources,time availability,family structure and gender ideology.Besides this,our empirical analysis is designed to reveal the influencing mechanism of women’s professional status in various organizations of ownership.The main findings are as follows.First,husbands have an advantage over wives in the possession of supervisory authority in 1450 paired samples of couples.In terms of housework,women in contemporary China assume more family responsibilities.According to the data,wives report an average housework ratio of 66.2%,while husbands only report 31.9%.In terms of gender ideology,surprisingly,wives are more traditional about"marrying well is more important for women than doing well" and "women should have at least one child",which means that a significant number of women have given marriage a meaning of upward mobility.Secondly,husband’s income has a negative impact on the rise of women’s professional status,but as the husband’s income rises to a certain level,the negative effect becomes a positive effect.This verifies the relative resource theory to some extent.However,it also implies that the explanation of relative resources in uppermiddle class families is weak.In addition,the increase of housework time can hinder women’s career development.Working women’s attitudes on "marrying well is more important for women than doing well" can significantly affect their professional status,and women’s own gender attitudes are more important than their husbands’.In terms of family structure,living with parents cannot be one of the factors affecting women’s career development,but living with elderly parents can inhibit the acquisition of regulatory authority.Thirdly,the career advancements of working women outside the system are affected by their husbands’income,but relative resources have no significant effect on women’s career advancement within the system.Besides,within the system,the membership of the Communist Party as the political capital is very essential to the promotion and development of working women.While the organizations outside the system value the worker’s level of education more.Working women are more affected by the concept of sexual division of labor and housework within the system.