Study On The International System Dominated By Spanish And Portuguese Feudal Capita

The traditional criteria for staging the international system,which focuses on the evolution of the war process and the system of equilibrium between the European powers and excludes the overseas expansion of power and capital,can hardly reveal the complex political and economic dynamics driving the evolution of international relations,which has led to the evolutionary process of international relations in the period from the opening of the New Road to the formation of the Westphalian system often being underappreciated by the academic community.This paper,guided by Marxist political economy and international relations theory and based on the classical works of Marx and Engels and the studies of feudalism and capitalist mode of production and their dominant world system by contemporary Marxist scholars such as Wallerstein and Perry Anderson,defines the special relations of production from feudalism to capitalist mode of production dominated by the Spanish and Portuguese royal houses and part of the noble class since the opening of the New Voyages as The special production relations of the transition from feudalism to the capitalist mode of production are defined as feudal capital.On this basis,this paper examines the political and economic relationship between the European system of power parity and the world system of capital accumulation,and ultimately the evolution of the international system dominated by Spanish and Portuguese feudal capital.This paper is based on two political and economic threads: the first is the impact and victory of the Reformation movement,with its bourgeois anti-feudal essence,on the alliance between the Catholic Church and the feudal aristocracy;the second is the interconnection of European and overseas conflicts,which is in essence the mutual shaping of the dominant power and the dominant capital in the process of controlling the global production system.This paper focuses on the political and economic contradictions between the powers in four major regions: the Americas and the Atlantic,the Mediterranean,the Indian Ocean and the Pacific.The center of gravity of the power struggle,however,shifted historically from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic region as dominant capital shifted its claims to proliferation.This paper divides the international system dominated by Western and Portuguese feudal capital into five stages: 1479-1494 is the origin of the system,1494-1559 is the formation of the system,1559-1580 is the transformation of the system,1580-1618 is the rebalancing of the system,and 1618-1648 is the end of the system.The political and economic dynamics that drove the evolution of the Western and Portuguese international systems lay not only in the rise and fall of the powers,but also in the transmutation of feudal capital into commercial capital.Finally,the paper reflects on the adverse effects of the capitalist world system dominated by power and capital on international peace and common development,and offers a comparative reflection on the theoretical and practical significance of the Chinese-style modernization path.