The Formation Of The Framework Convention On Tobacco Control

“Tobacco epidemic” as a neglected non-communicable disease continues to cause significant harm to the world.Since the 1960s,numerous scientific studies have confirmed the harmful effects of smoking on human health,which has led to international organizations and social groups calling for global tobacco control.However,economic globalization and the expansion of tobacco transnational corporations have resulted in significant resource inequality for countries in tobacco control.This has led to the continued proliferation of tobacco globally.Nevertheless,the creation of the “Framework Convention on Tobacco Control”(FCTC)in 2003 marked the first global treaty aimed at controlling major non-communicable diseases.The treaty aims to control tobacco use worldwide through international legislation,reduce tobacco harm,and jointly maintain human health.This study analyzes how the FCTC overcame legislative obstacles from tobacco transnational corporations,the varying governance will of countries,and inadequate governance capacity of the World Health Organization to ultimately construct international norms for global tobacco control.Current literature has investigated the creation of the FCTC from various perspectives,including knowledge diffusion,human rights values,non-governmental organizations,national leadership,and policy learning.However,this study argues that the creation of the FCTC was the result of collaborative interactions among various governance actors.This study analyzes the process of FCTC creation using the framework of collaborative governance proposed by Chris Ansell and Alison Gash.Under the framework of collaborative governance,this study examines the collaborative dynamics,collaborative actors,and collaborative mechanisms in global tobacco control,emphasizing the importance of multi-stakeholder collaborative governance in the creation of the FCTC.Through the analysis of collaborative governance framework,this study reveals the collaborative dynamics,actors,and mechanisms in the creation of the FCTC.Moreover,this study emphasizes the significance of multi-stakeholder collaborative governance in the process of FCTC creation.The collaborative efforts of various actors not only provide a solid foundation and support for the creation of the treaty but also establish the basis for the long-term sustainable development of global tobacco control.The conference of the parties mechanism,reporting and monitoring mechanism,and international cooperation assistance mechanism established by the FCTC all contribute to the success of the collaborative governance model of the treaty.Therefore,the study’s findings verify that the successful creation of the FCTC was the result of multi-stakeholder collaborative governance and provide valuable experience and insights for the development of global tobacco control and even the creation of other international treaties.