Study On The Criticism Of Anarchism By Early Chinese Marxists

At the beginning of the 20 th century,with the influx of various western trends of thought,before the early Marxists criticized anarchists,anarchism was almost the mainstream trend of thought of Chinese socialism,and "New Century School" and "Shifuism" appeared.Anarchist movement.They oppose power,government,country,and law,but also pursue equality,freedom,and peace,and advocate the realization of anarchist communism through anarchist means.This socialist trend of thought,which deviates from political concepts,has become widely spread and influential at this stage,Paving the way for the May Fourth Movement.Before they firmly believed in Marxism,many early communists were almost influenced by anarchism to inspire their vision for an ideal society in the future,and they took the initiative to join the ranks of social transformation.There was a brief period of cooperation.However,due to the victory of the Russian October Revolution,as the leader of the New Culture Movement,Chen Duxiu began to change his thinking,gradually alienated from anarchism,and turned to "Bolshevik" development.Under the influence of Chen Duxiu and others,the early May 4th period Communists turned collectively to Marxism.As a result,due to irreconcilable theoretical fundamental differences within the early communist camp,especially in terms of the dictatorship of the proletariat and organizational principles,Marxists began to criticize anarchism,mainly focusing on the concept of freedom,the concept of the state,and the concept of revolution.View and other three aspects.First of all,the debate between Chen Duxiu and Ou Shengbai focused on the concept of freedom.Chen Duxiu pointed out that absolute freedom is a manifestation of individualism,which does not take into account the interests of the public;especially the free association method emphasized by anarchism can easily lead to a state of organizational disorganization within the party,which is not conducive to the principle of centralized organization.Secondly,in the view of the state,criticize the fallacy of anarchism "state,politics and law",and discuss the rationality of the existence of "state,politics and law" from two aspects of theory and fact;criticize "Chinese-style anarchism" It is negative,youth-toxic nihilism.Finally,on the issue of the concept of revolution,on the basis of acknowledging the inevitability of the country,politics,and law,it emphasizes the need to use powerful and effective revolutionary means to build the dictatorship of the proletariat,and it is not appropriate to use mild ideological and moral education.At the same time,it discusses the establishment of the Communist Party of China to lead China The necessity of revolutionary practice.The critique of anarchism by early Marxists was a protracted battle with the most profound significance.The various flaws exposed by anarchism in the process of critique began to decline.Some anarchists gave up their beliefs and joined the Marxist camp,completing the transformation to Marxism.Secondly,criticizing the anarchist ideological trend provides cadre conditions and ideological preparation for the establishment of the Communist Party of China.In terms of organization,democratic centralism is confirmed to ensure strict centralized organizational discipline;in political construction,the implementation of centralized and unified leadership is emphasized,the authority of the Party Central Committee is maintained,and legal weapons are used to assist the practice of revolutionary struggle;in terms of revolutionary means,the dictatorship of the proletariat is established,Launch a violent revolution to seize power.Finally,criticize the influence of anarchist thought on the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era,continue to deepen reform and opening up,and promote the development of Marxism in China.