| In the era of big data,the collection,storage and use of personal information has become more common,and the risk of personal information being infringed has also increased.The law requires that the objective behavior of criminals be clearly defined and established through the judicial determination procedure.In order to safeguard the personal information and privacy of citizens,it is essential to have a judicial process that determines the objective acts involved in the crime of infringing on such information.This process serves as a critical tool in holding those who violate citizens’ personal information accountable for their actions.Ultimately,this helps to protect the fundamental rights of citizens to privacy and the security of their personal data.It helps to ensure that individuals who engage in illegal activities that infringe on citizens’ personal information are held accountable and punished,and also helps to prevent others from engaging in similar activities in the future.The crime of infringing on citizens’ personal information involves the objective acts of selling or providing citizens’ personal information to others.This means that individuals who engage in these activities without lawful authority or consent may be charged with the crime of infringing on citizens’ personal information.In other words,the act of selling or providing personal information of citizens to unauthorized parties is considered a criminal offense under the law.The important prerequisite for the two acts is to violate the relevant provisions of the State.As for the element of the crime of infringing on citizens’ personal information-"relevant provisions of the state" may have the effect of illegal obstruction,it is particularly important in judicial application,but scholars have different understanding of its nature,and there is confusion in judicial application.The relationship between offering and selling is inclusive,which means that selling is a subset of offering.This principle also applies to personal information,which is intangible in nature.The term "dissemination" of personal information,when there is no specific recipient,can be considered a form of offering.This implies that the range of recipients who are offered the information is extensive and may include a diverse group of individuals or entities.It is essential for legal experts and judges to carefully consider the nuances of these terms and their relation to personal information to ensure that judgments in cases of infringement upon citizens’ personal information are fair and just.The disclosure of personal information to an unspecified majority can only be considered a violation at the acquisition stage.However,the subsequent acts of providing and selling such information can still be considered as illegal and subject to criminal punishment.This is because these actions go beyond the legal limits and infringe upon the interests of the individuals whose personal information is being disclosed.Therefore,it is important to carefully consider the legal scope of personal information and to ensure that the acquisition,provision,and sale of such information are done in accordance with the law to protect the privacy and rights of citizens. |