A Study On The Development Of Scientific Socialism And Contemporary Enlightenment Of Engels' Late Letter

The core ideas and values of Marxism are embodied in the ideology of scientific socialism,and studying scientific socialism is of great significance for understanding Marxism.With the outbreak of the Second Industrial Revolution,social transformation gradually occurred to some extent,capitalist society continued to develop,and the revolutionary consciousness of the proletariat strengthened in order to obtain better living conditions and rights,the liberation movement of the proletariat was launched successively in the major developed capitalist countries of the world.At the same time,various problems in the movement needed to be urgently resolved.Especially after the death of Marx,Engels took on the heavy responsibility of leading the international workers’ movement alone.In the process of guiding the application of the proletariat in various countries,Engels had a large amount of correspondence with many socialist leaders in different countries,which contained enormous value.In addition,in his later years,Engels faced not only the great changes in capitalist society but also the situation where he could only independently guide the revolutionary movement of the working class.This forced him to make new explorations and new explanations on a series of major issues based on the new changes in capitalism and the new developments in the workers’ movement.The new understanding of the basic issues of scientific socialism proposed in the process of this new exploration and explanation formed Engels’ ideology of scientific socialism in his later years.This period of Engels’ thought was a further improvement and development of the entire scientific socialism,but because of Engels’ so-called "political will" in his later years,his thoughts were controversial,and some scholars even distorted his intentions.This also resulted in Engels’ scientific socialist ideology not being scientifically and reasonably evaluated.This paper takes various letters from Engels in his later years as the main research object.The whole paper is mainly divided into five parts.The first part explains the reasons,values,and significance of the topic,proposes research methods and research difficulties,and reviews relevant domestic and foreign literature on the theory of scientific socialism,Engels’ ideology in his later years,and Engels’ letters in his later years.The second part defines and introduces the core concepts and basic theories that appear in the research,defines the scope and literature of this paper on studying Engels’ letters in his later years,and classifies some of Engels’ important letters in his later years.It also expounds Engels’ so-called "political will" and argues that Engels’ ideology in his later years still inherits and develops the formal theory of Marxism.The third part elaborates on the era background and theoretical foundation of Engels’ ideology in his later years.Only by thoroughly understanding the social background in which his ideas were produced at that time,can we more accurately grasp Engels’ development of scientific socialism in his letters in his later years.The fourth part focuses on summarizing the main contents of the new development of scientific socialism theory that can be drawn from Engels’ letters in his later years,and provides a detailed explanation from the four main aspects of the theory of the inevitability of socialism,the theory of the proletariat’s revolutionary struggle,the transitional problem of socialism,and communist society.The fifth part mainly discusses the historical position and contemporary inspiration of Engels’ new development of scientific socialism theory by studying his letters in his later years based on the contents of the fourth part.