How Does Ideal Translate Into Reality?

At present,the proportion of orphans and disabled children raised in children’s welfare institutions of China is pretty high.In recent years,it was reported in many cities that the number of orphans and disabled children in their children’s welfare institutions accounts for more than 95%.Over time,however,the number continues to rise.Studies at home and abroad have shown that helping orphans and disabled children to return to families is the most beneficial way for their physical and mental health and future development.At the same time,having these children return to their families through adoption has become the biggest wish of every child welfare worker.In order to break the deadlock in the adoption of orphans and disabled children and improve the adoption rate of these children,the authority has actively introduced relevant policies.In addition to relaxing the age limitation and the number of adoptees in the Civil Code,the National Program of Action for Child Development in China which is published in 2021 also stipulates that domestic families should be encouraged to adopt sick or disabled children as an important part of children’s welfare.However,according to previous studies and current reports from children’s welfare house in many places in China,the adoption rate of orphans and disabled children is still extremely low despite the corresponding policy call,and it has become an ideal idea for them to return to families.Family is an important part of society,what behind the choice of adopters reflects how the social culture and social system of "ideal family".Therefore,with such a situation,we can not help to ask:what is the adoption dilemma of orphans and disabled children?What are the social Causes of the adoption dilemma of orphaned and disabled children?What is the requirement of all parties to the adoption triangle?Can we find practical and effective measures to help orphans and disabled children return to their families?In the way of qualitative research,this study,taking the children’s welfare home of B City as the field research site,conducted participatory observation on the living environment of the child welfare institution and the life attitude of orphaned and disabled children.At the same time,combined with the in-depth interview of 18 adoptive relations(adopters,adoptee’s Guardian,adoptees)and 6 ordinary people,the study focused on the plight of orphans and disabled children in adoption.Through the three perspectives of humanity,system and culture,the paper finds out that there are corresponding difficulties in the adoption of orphans and disabled children.Through the continuous dialogue between in-depth field and theoretical basis,it clarifies the deep cultural logic behind the difficulties,explores the needs of adoptive relations,and finally tries to propose a humane care and effective homing path for orphans and disabled children.