Research On The Function Evolution Of Rural Residential Areas And Welfare Effects

At present,it is in the period of rural social and economic transformation.Land use transformation is the product of social and economic transformation.As an important part of rural land use,the function of rural residential area has evolved to create demand and power for rural social and economic development.Due to the obvious differences in the functional evolution of rural residential areas in different regions,a systematic understanding of the law and mechanism of rural residential functional transformation and active regulation of rural residential functional transformation can lead the rural socio-economic transformation and development in line with the law of social and economic development,which is also the internal requirements of rural revitalization.The ultimate goal of rural revitalization is to comprehensively improve the welfare level of rural households.After the evolution of the function of rural settlements,more farmers are engaged in non-agricultural production and become part-time farmers,and some even directly give up agricultural production and become non-agricultural.Their income sources,survival and employment stability,social security and psychological changes are the key to comprehensively realize the rural revitalization strategy.To further explore the impact of the functional evolution of rural settlements on the welfare level of farmers,and provide policy suggestions for realizing the integration of rural industries,improving the welfare level of farmers,and building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.This paper firstly introduces in detail the multi-functional theory of rural areas,land use transformation,sustainable livelihood theory and Sen’s viability theory,providing theoretical support for the later research framework.The concept of rural settlement is defined based on previous studies and actual research,and the functions of rural settlements are classified into residential function,agricultural production function,product processing function,commercial service function,leisure and tourism function,cultural and educational function,public service function,and the characteristics of the evolution of each function.The evolution of the functions of rural settlements has prompted farmers to change their livelihood strategies,and different combinations of livelihood strategies have produced different livelihood outcomes and changes in the welfare level of farmers;then,the functional evolution characteristics of different types of case villages are empirically analysed and the functional evolution paths of different types of rural settlements are deduced.The fuzzy evaluation method is used to calculate the welfare level of different types of rural settlements,and the PSM method is used to measure the impact of the functional evolution of rural settlements on the total welfare level of rural households and the welfare level of each sub-item,and then the mediating effect model is used to verify whether the Living activities has a mediating effect on the welfare level of rural households.Finally,the conclusions are summarised and policy recommendations are made to address specific issues.The main conclusions are as follows.(1)The functional evolution of rural settlements is temporally dynamic.At the stage of urban-rural development,the function of rural settlements has not changed significantly.At the stage of urban-rural integration development,the features of the evolution of the functions of rural settlements gradually become obvious,and a trend of balanced development of all functions,with the functions of rural settlements changing from single functions to multiple functions.However,in some villages,there is still the phenomenon of blindly developing tourism resources in order to increase economic development capacity,and compressing the space for the development of traditional functions.(2)The functional evolution of rural settlements has its own characteristics.The evolution of the functions of modern agriculture-oriented villages began with the agricultural production function,and the rapid increase in the agricultural production function gave rise to the product processing function,accelerated the development of the commercial service function,public administration and public services,and the residential function,but the cultural and educational functions and the leisure and tourism functions were not developed with sufficient momentum.Agricultural and tourism integrated villages,the development of rural leisure tourism function drives the development of commercial service function,and in the later development,the commercial service function has further promoted the development of the leisure and tourism function,but the leisure and tourism and commercial service functions have compressed the agricultural production function.The tendency for the residential function of characteristic resource conservation villages to change into the commercial service function and leisure and tourism function is more significant,and the cultural and educational function is gradually increasing in status.(3)The function evolution of rural settlements can improve the welfare level of farmers,economic status,environmental quality status,living condition status and psychological status welfare level,and a non-significant effect on social security status welfare level.In the process of functional evolution of rural settlements,farmers’ livelihood strategies have a significant mediating effect on economic status,environmental quality status and living condition status,but not on social security status and psychological status.(4)There are differences in the livelihood strategies of farming households,which affect the total welfare level of farming households and sub-welfare of farmers.In terms of total welfare level,modern agriculture-oriented villages have the highest total welfare level,while agro-tourism-integrated development villages have the smallest total welfare level and the smallest growth rate;in terms of economic status,characteristic resource conservation villages have the highest economic welfare level,while modern agriculture-oriented villages have the lowest economic welfare level but the largest growth rate;in terms of social security status welfare level,the In terms of social security,modern agriculture-oriented villages have the highest level of social security and the greatest increase in welfare,while characteristic resource-protected villages have the lowest level of social security and welfare;in terms of environmental quality,farmers in villages with integrated development of agriculture and tourism development have the best environmental quality,while farmers in modern agriculture-oriented villages have the lowest level of satisfaction with environmental quality.In terms of living conditions,the best living conditions are found in the characteristic resource conservation villages,the worst in the modern agriculture-oriented villages,and the greatest improvement in the living conditions of farmers in the agro-tourism integration development villages.In terms of psychological conditions,the highest level of psychological satisfaction is found among households in villages with protected resources,the lowest level of psychological satisfaction is found among households in villages with a modern agricultural orientation,and the fastest increase in psychological satisfaction is found among households in villages with integrated agro-tourism development.In general,the overall welfare level of farmers in modern agriculture-oriented villages is the highest,but with the exception of the economic status welfare level,the rest of the welfare level has increased at a slow pace;the welfare level of farmers in integrated agro-tourism development villages has increased relatively evenly in all categories,but the overall welfare level is low,and the increase is slow and small.The rest of the welfare levels are low.Based on the above analysis,this paper thinks that it should be improved from the following aspects: firstly,to promote the functional evolution of rural settlements in a phased and purposeful manner,so as to achieve a balanced development of the economic,social and ecological benefits of rural settlements;secondly,to select the functional evolution path of rural settlements according to local conditions;Thirdly,the choice of the path of functional evolution of rural settlements should be based on the principle of improving farmers’ lives.The ultimate goal of the function transformation of rural is to improve the welfare level of farmers,and the functional evolution of different types of rural settlements should be precisely regulated for different types of farmers’ welfare level.Fourthly,the main contradictions in the transformation and development of rural areas should be solved,and the two-way flow of resources and factors between urban and rural areas should be smooth.