A Study On Female Fertility Problem In China Under The Vision Of Two Productions Theory

The two productions theory is the historical materialist basis of Marx and Engels’ analysis of the female problem,encompassing both the material production and the human own production.Marx and Engels believed that the imbalance between the two kinds of production was the main reason for the loss of women’s status.The division of labor and private ownership caused the split between the public and private spheres and established the basis of male domination from the system,and women were excluded from the public sphere and confined to the private sphere,becoming subordinate to their husbands and instruments of reproduction,and their reproductive and domestic work values were gradually weakened and their status was gradually lost.At present,China shows the demographic development trend of "low fertility,baby bust and aging",and women,as the main production and reproduction subjects of society,are facing more intense conflicts between work and family with the adjustment of the fertility policy,and the fertility issue is widely concerned by the society.Therefore,it is especially necessary to analyze the female fertility problem in China with two productions theory.This thesis firstly outlines the fundamental position,inner meaning,evolution and dialectical unity of the two productions theory;secondly,taking the changes of the two production forces in different periods as the starting point,it depicts the relationship between the imbalance of the two production forces and women’s status in different periods,examines the conflict of women’s roles under the two kinds of production,and illustrates the manifestation of the two production in modern fertility problems from three aspects: fertility intention,maternity punishment and fertility alienation;thirdly,it analyzes the fertility problems faced by Chinese women in the material production and human own production,and further analyzes the root causes of these problems from the perspectives of productivity level,traditional patriarchy,gender division of labor,low fertility thinking;finally,by reconceptualizing the two productions theory,we provide feasible strategic considerations for building a fertility-friendly society and solving the female fertility problems in China from the perspective of material production,which is to improve policies and regulations,strengthen labor market regulation,and change the management system,and from the perspective of human own production,which is to build a universal childcare service system,improve active fertility support measures,and respect women’s reproductive freedom.On the whole,this thesis takes the historical materialist perspective of both production and reproduction as the starting point,and conducts a detailed study of women’s fertility problems in China,with a view to enriching the practice of the two production theories in China and helping women solve their fertility problems.