Research On Marketization Reform Of American Public Schools In The 1980s And 1990s

Exploring the way of public school reform and promoting the long-term development of public school is a common issue for the reform of basic education of all countries.Since the1980 s,in the torrent of education marketization,Western countries have been exploring the new road of public school reform,and trying to use the market mechanism to reform the public school system in order to achieve the "reconstruction" of the public school system,and the United States is a typical representative of them.In the second half of the 20 th century,in order to improve the education quality of public schools and enhance the efficiency of public schools,the United States carried out a continuous reform of public schools with the orientation of "market".In this process,the 1980 s and 1990 s were a relatively independent and prominent stage of reform.This stage was of great significance as it not only respond to the problems left over from the previous public school reform,but also laid the foundation for the market-oriented reform of public schools in the 21 st century.This thesis has five important parts.The first part is the analysis of the main motives of the market-oriented reform of American public schools in the 1980 s and 1990 s.The external motivation mainly included the political environment,economic situation and international challenges faced by the United States at that time,while the internal motivation mainly included the crisis within education itself.The second part is an introduction to the relevant theoretical basis and guiding concepts of this reform.The theoretical basis includes neoliberal theory and new public management theory;the guiding philosophy is "decentralization" and "competition" as the core.The third part summarizes and presents the three main measures of the market-oriented reform of public schools in this stage under the guidance of the core concept.The fourth part analyzes the basic characteristics of the market-oriented reform of public schools in this stage from three aspects: the value orientation of the reform,the role division of the three important subjects of the government,schools and parents,and the co-existing driving forces and hindering forces in the reform process.The fifth part reveals the main achievements of the reform,the problems and the enlightenment to the reform of Chinese public schools.The market-oriented reform of American public schools in the 1980 s and 1990 s realized the decentralization of education,introduced the competition mechanism to public school system.Besides,it changed the traditional American public school management system,school-running system and enrollment method.This reform not only has a wide and far-reaching impact on the public school system in the United States,but also sets a model and provides experience for the market-oriented reform of public schools in other countries in the world.Therefore,this thesis has two purposes: one is to present the overall picture of the market-oriented reform of American public schools in this stage more comprehensively and clearly,and deepen people’s understanding of this reform from the theoretical level.The other is to provide some experience and enlightenment for the reform practice of Chinese public schools,and provide new ideas to solve the problems of Chinese public schools,such as lack of vitality and unbalanced development,so as to promote the efficient and high-quality development of Chinese public schools.