The Spread And Influence Of Confucianism In Northwest Guizhou In Qing Dynasty

Confucianism was an important way of "cultural governance" in various dynasties after the Han Dynasty.It was widely spread in minority areas and played a positive role in the formation and development of the pattern of "pluralism and unity" of the Chinese nation.Our country has a vast territory and many ethnic groups.The study on the spread of Confucianism should be carried out through certain regions,and the historical process of the country promoting social and cultural development in minority areas through cultural and educational means should be explored from a micro-perspective.This paper chooses the northwest of Guizhou in Qing Dynasty as the research area.The northwest of Guizhou is adjacent to Sichuan,Guizhou and Yunnan provinces.It is an important area in the southwest governed by the central government.The Yi,Miao,Buyi and Gelao ethnic groups are distributed.In the third year of Kangxi(1664),An Kun,the secretary of the West of Guizhou Province,rebelled.In the fourth year(1665),the imperial court set up administrative regions in the northwest of Guizhou Province after the suppression of the Secretary of the West of Guizhou Province.The northwest of Guizhou,adjacent to the territory of Sichuan and Yunnan,is the only way to the west Road of "Wusa into Shu"(an important traffic road of the Southern Silk Road and the central government into Yunnan),which affects the central government’s rule over the Yunnan-Guizhou region.Therefore,the Ming Dynasty established Yongning,Chishui,Bijie and Wusa four guards here.In the fourth year of Kangxi’s reign of Qing Dynasty,Confucianism was carried out on a large scale on the basis of the establishment of administrative regions.There were three reasons: First,the Central Dynasty respected Confucianism and reformed the minority culture through Confucianism;The second is the internal demand of the development of northwest Guizhou.The northwest of Guizhou is in urgent need of cultural development,and social and cultural development is promoted through the establishment of schools and talent selection system.The third is to strengthen the identity of the chieftain to the country and build a harmonious and stable social order.In the course of the spread of Confucianism,in addition to full-time teachers,read poetry books,deeply influenced by Confucianism,foreign officials,local literati also played the role of spreading Confucianism.The disseminators mainly spread Confucianism in the northwest of Guizhou through four ways: first,the school dissemination,there are government schools,state schools,county schools,academies,free schools,social studies and other educational institutions;The second is the spread of family instruction,Confucian thought through the way of aphorism into the family tree,carved in stone tablets,and passed down to later generations;The third is the spread of example,the selection of famous officials,villagers and virgins,with the power of example to influence,lead the social fashion;The fourth is the spread of sacrificial rites,which spread Confucianism through the ritual of offering sacrifices to the Confucian temple.The dissemination of Confucianism presents three remarkable characteristics: one is the diversification of the dissemination groups and the dissemination channels,the other is the leading role of the government,and the third is the gradual official transmission channels.Under the leadership of the Qing government,people gradually accepted Confucianism,and the effect of Confucianism spread in the northwest of Guizhou was remarkable.First of all,promote personnel training.The spread of Confucianism promoted the cultivation of a large number of talents,such as tribute students,Juren and Jinshi.These talents groups were not only the builders of the Qing Dynasty,but also the important groups for the further spread of Confucianism,and their guiding role was evident.Secondly,change customs and customs.With the promotion of the policy of Confucian education and the integration of Confucian culture and minority culture,the marriage,funeral and other cultures of ethnic groups have changed.Finally,we should promote exchanges and integration among all ethnic groups.The exam-oriented life and Confucian etiquette were accepted by the ethnic minorities,and the local Han also accepted the minority culture.The policy of culture and education promoted by the Qing government gradually shortened the social development gap between northwest Guizhou and the mainland,improved the cultural level of ethnic minorities,and consolidated the unified multi-ethnic country.There are two key points for the spread of Confucian culture in northwest Guizhou: first,the Qing government attaches great importance to it and makes timely adjustment of cultural and educational policies according to local conditions;Secondly,the channels of transmission are diversified,and different communication groups are actively involved.For the current cultural development in northwest Guizhou,there are two points for historical reference: first,the government should further play the leading role;second,the local intellectual elite should play the role of example and help.