| At each period of human history,there are different dominant discourses.Under the background of increasingly serious global ecological problems,various ecological problems are increasingly prominent.Ecological protection has become an urgent task facing the world.Ecological discourse has emerged as the times require.Ecological discourse permeates all aspects of human life,and has an important impact on many fields such as society,politics,economy,and culture.The research on it has also become the focus of academic research.More and more linguists attach importance to the study of ecological discourse and try to solve the problems of society,ecology,environment and human existence through language research.The study of ecological discourse from the perspective of cognitive linguistics advocates the use of cognitive linguistic thinking tools to explore the inner cognitive mechanism that people rely on to construct ecological discourse,and reveal the hidden ecological values behind ecological discourse.Guided by the cognitive ecological framework,this study analyzes the smog reports in China and American media,tries to reveal the ecological values behind the discourse,and provides theoretical guidance and analysis methods from the cognitive perspective for the study of ecological discourse.This Chinese reports are selected from People’s Daily(PD),China Daily(CD)and China Environment News(CEN),and build them into a corpus with 78358 words.The America reports are selected form New York Times(NYT),Washington Post(WP)and USA TODAY(UT),and build them into a corpus with with 88686 words.The date ranges from January 19,2013 to September 10,2022.With the help of Ant Conc 3.5.9software,the study extracts the frames in smog reports and conduct cognitive ecological analysis.This thesis aims to answer three main questions :(1)What surface frames are identified in Chinese and American reports on China smog ? What deep frames are activated by surface frames? What ecological values are contained in the deep frames?(2)Based on “Harmony” ecosophy,what types of discourse do Chinese and American media reports on China smog belong to ?(3)What framing strategies are represented in Chinese and American media reports on China smog ?Research findings:(1)In terms of metaphorical surface frames,China reports include 25 metaphorical surface frames,and 9 metaphor categories have high resonance,including “war,journey,disease,personification,building,wealth,container,exam,debt”,which constitute the main metaphorical surface frames in China reports;17metaphor categories have low resonance,including “plants,communities,wire frames,food,objects,bucket,home,cleaning,animals,clothing,instruments,boat,products,key,chess,baton”,which constitute the secondary metaphorical surface frames in in China reports;12 metaphor categories have high m LFR,including “cleaning,animals,key,boat,chess,baton,products,debt,bucket,instruments,clothing,objects”,which constitute the novel metaphors in in China reports;America reports include 8metaphorical surface frames,including “disease,war,disaster,journey,religion,cleaning,plant,product”.2 metaphor categories have high m LFR,including “ religion,product ”,which constitute the novel metaphors in America reports.(2)In terms of non-metaphorical surface frames,China reports include 6 non-metaphorical surface frames composed of high-hits words,according to their percentage: “green development,system,leadership,the people’s livelihood,ecological dream,cooperation”.America reports include 5 non-metaphorical surface frames composed of high-hits words,according to their percentage: “leadership,measures,public,condemning,contradiction”.(3)In terms of deep frames,the surface frames of China reports activate 3 deep frames,including “harmonious coexistence,green development,people oriented”,American reports embody the social values of “hegemonism,individualism,and egoism”.(4)In terms of discourse types,based on the “harmony”ecosophy,the beneficial discourse of Chinese media includes these frames: journey,wealth,exam,home,building,community,cleaning,instrument,animals,wire frame,key,boat,chess,product,baton,leadership,cooperation,green development,ecological dream,the people’s livelihood,clothes.The ambivalent discourse includes these frames:container,bucket,system,war.The destructive discourse includes these frames:personification,debt,food,disease,plant,object;The beneficial discourse of American media includes these frames: journey,cleaning,measures,public.The ambivalent discourse includes these frames: leadership,product,war.The destructive discourse includes these frames: disease,disaster,religion,plant,contradiction,condemning.(5)In terms of framing strategies,the American media use three framing strategies: frame stigmatization,frame amplification,frame extension.Chinese media use framing strategies: frame modification,frame displacement,and frame coherence,which will provide reference for the media to shape better Chinese ecological discourse. |
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