Research On The Transformation Of Farmers’ Livelihoods And Its Impact Mechanism Under The Backgrounds Of Rural Tourism

With the implementation of urban-rural integration and rural revitalization strategies,villages with strong tourism resource endowments have gradually shown development potential.Diversified and multi-level tourism activities have developed in rural areas and have had extensive and profound impacts on the regional economy,society and ecological environment.Rural farmers are the beneficiaries and undertakers of the development of rural tourism.The development of rural tourism has an important impact on the production,life and consciousness of rural farmers,directly or indirectly prompting significant changes and transformations in farmers’ livelihoods and livelihoods.Livelihoods are gradually showing the trend of non-agricultural,tourism and diversification.In the context of rural tourism development,how will the livelihood of rural farmers with island tourism resources be affected? How have livelihoods changed and transformed? How to effectively promote the sustainable development of farmers’ livelihoods in island tourism villages?Based on the above scientific problems,this paper selects five island tourist villages in Junshan Scenic Area of ??Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone as the research case,and combines multidisciplinary theories and research results to deeply think about the problems related to the livelihood transformation of farmers in the study area.Based on the five island tourism villages around the Junshan Scenic Area in the Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone,and in combination with the actual development of the countryside,this paper selects the three years of 2014,2017 and2019 as the time nodes before the development of rural tourism,the budding period and the initial period of development.,using econometric analysis method to analyze the dynamic process and stage characteristics of farmers’ livelihood capital and livelihood transformation,using spatial analysis method and econometric analysis method to analyze livelihood from two aspects: changes in land use types and functions in villages and changes in the structure and functions of farmers’ homesteads Spatial transformation process and stage characteristics,based on the sustainable livelihood framework,build an evaluation index system for sustainable livelihood development level,evaluate the sustainable livelihood development level of farmers in the study area,and use polynomial Logistic regression analysis to analyze the influencing factors and driving mechanisms of livelihood transformation.Finally,according to the empirical results and the actual situation in the countryside,it puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the sustainable development of farmers’ livelihood and promote the harmonious development of the relationship between people and land in island tourism villages.The study came to the following conclusions:(1)Based on the various income sources and labor occupations of peasant households,six types of livelihood strategies of peasant households are divided,namely pure agriculture type,traditional employment type,traditional management type,mixed part-time employment type,tourism management type,and tourism employment type.There are significant differences and dynamic changes in the family characteristics and family income of farmers with different types of livelihood strategies.(2)Based on the sustainable livelihood framework,it is concluded that the transformation process and characteristics of different types of farmers’ livelihood capital are significantly different.The natural capital level of all types of farmers showed a decreasing trend,and the physical capital level showed an increasing trend.The human capital level of traditional migrant farmers,tourism management and mixed part-time farmers showed a gradually increasing trend.(3)Based on the background of rural tourism development,summarize the process and mode of livelihood transformation: From 2014 to 2019,there were two livelihood transformations for farmers.The modes of livelihood transformation of farmers are mainly divided into six types,and the direction of livelihood transformation Present the trend of non-agriculturalization and diversification.(4)In the period before and after the development of rural tourism,the type of land use in the village changed from a single type to a trend of diversification and mosaicism,and the land use function showed a trend of diversification,non-agriculturalization and tourism.The homestead area of ??pure farmers is smaller than that of tourism-operated farmers,and their main functions are living and agricultural production.After the development of rural tourism,the tourism-operating farmer’s homestead has a large area,mainly for the functions of commercial services,leisure and beautification of the environment.(5)Based on the livelihood transformation of rural households under the development of rural tourism,by constructing the sustainable livelihood evaluation model of farmers,it is concluded that the overall sustainable livelihood level of farmers in the study area after the livelihood transformation is good.(6)By constructing a polynomial Logistic regression model of the impact of farmers’ livelihood capital on livelihood transformation,under the development of rural tourism,livelihood capital and external factors work together to transform livelihoods,resulting in changes in farmers’ livelihood space and livelihood results,and reacting to the external environment.and farmers’ livelihood capital,which in turn contributes to the promotion of farmers’ livelihoods and sustainable development of rural areas.On the basis of the above conclusions,this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for realizing the harmonious development of man and land in the study area,in order to provide some guidance for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the promotion of farmers’ production and living standards in the future.