Ramayana From The Perspective Of Literary Ethics Criticis

The Indian epic Ramayana established an ethical system with "Dharma" as the core,which contains the ethical thoughts with Indian national characteristics.This study takes Ramayana as the object to discuss the ethical thought system constructed by the epic and the method of the constructing,and examines how epics,as a special genre,intervene in the construction of social ethics and morality,and what advantages it has.By using the methods of literary ethical criticism,this study tries to comprehensively explore the formation and evolution of the epic’ s ethical system from the aspects of ethical environment,ethical theme,ethical relations and ethical expression,explain the complexity of the ethical relationships in the epic,and explore the ethical ideal of the epic.This study is mainly divided into four parts:The first chapter based on the perspective of environment and the objective facts of the development of the form of the epic itself,combined with several typical cases and archaeological evidence,points out the ethical tendency in the process of the proliferation of the epic text and finds a reasonable explanation,explaining the expression of the ethical spirit in the axial era in the text.The second chapter investigates ethical themes and ethical concepts of the epic.It points out that the Dharma is the core of the epic ethics system.Dharma combines truth,duty,law,justice,virtue,right and other connotations.Hierarchical ethics are full of national characteristics,and Ramayana maintains the concept of caste order.The epic advocated the democratic republic and the “good governance” theory.Based on the concept of reincarnation of karma,it shows ecological wisdom from the intimate relationship between human,beauty,nature and ethics,and embodies the unity of them.The Upanishads era’ s gender ethics remained and developed in the epic,which was manifested as the contradiction of women’ s ideas.The third chapter investigates the relationship between the epic characters.Taking sacrifice as an example,to illustrate that some actions in the epic have no or only good attributes,and there is no distinction between good and evil due to the attributes of the performers.Analyzing the good and evil of the epic images based on the confrontation between Rama and Ravana’ s heroic and brutal warlike behavior,compassion and forgiveness,self-denial and brutality,indulgent personality,and the growth environment of Ayodhya and Langa Island basis for the judgment.Showing epic ethical conflicts between Rama and Lashmanna were brothers but slaves,Rama and Sita were couples but Sita was discriminated against,Dasaratha and Rama’s father-son relationship show a tense royal struggle The two scenes of Lashmanna’ s death and Sita’ s death illustrate the ethical dilemma of epic.The fourth chapter investigates the ethical expression and narrative of the epic.The participation of rasa in epic ethical expression can be divided into two situations:reinforcement and hindrance.The epic narrative is dominated by ethical narrative and supplemented by aesthetic narrative.Rama’ s growth is not only the growth of force,but also the growth of mental and virtue.Rama’ s travels were to spread the idea of Dharma and maintain the order of Dharma.Rama has multiple ethical identities,and his complex ethical responsibilities,through the narrative discourse relationship of ethical identities,shows the complex relationship of constant struggle and cooperation between Brahmans and Kshatriyas,religion and kingship.The conclusion extends the discussion of the academic debate on the ethical thoughts of Ramayana: the contradiction between Rama and Ravana is not only the national contradiction,but also the ethical contradiction between the progressive civilization and the backward civilization.The victory of the dharma over the illegal is the literary rewriting of the new law over the old law in the course of the development of civilization.The epic is not only propagating the ethical and moral concepts of feudalism,its essence is the ethical spirit of the Axis age philosophy.The Ramayana starts a tradition of ethical concern in Sanskrit literature and Poetics.The epic is not really concerned with the maintenance of the good and evil character of the image but with the establishment of new ethical order.