A Study Of Rime Change In Xing Yang Dialect

Xingyang City is located in central Henan Province and is part of Zhengzhou City,the closest county-level city to the provincial capital in Henan Province.According to the Atlas of Chinese Language(2nd edition)(2012),the Xingyang dialect is part of the Zhengkai branch of the Zhongyuan official dialect.The Xingyang dialect is located in the transition zone between Jin and Zhongyuan official dialects,and variant rhyme is one of the characteristics of the dialect.Through field research,this paper obtains first-hand information on the Xingyang dialect rhyme phenomenon,based on linguistic facts and a comprehensive record of the Xingyang dialect rhyme system.This paper takes Xingyang dialect variant rhyme phenomenon as the main object of research,and then systematically organizes the vivid variant rhyme materials,deeply analyzes the types of Xingyang dialect variant rhyme phenomenon,distribution areas,phonological forms,syntactic environment and its functional significance,and explores its internal development mechanism and change pattern.First of all,this paper uses phonological analysis and phonemic theory to describe the vocal-rhyme system of Xingyang dialect in detail,and to record the phonological forms of various types of variant rhymes in Xingyang dialect in a comprehensive manner.After analyzing the variant rhyme materials,a list of variant rhymes and the correspondence between basic rhymes and variant rhymes are compiled.The main types of rhymes in the Xingyang dialect include retroflex final,Z change rhyme,verb change rhyme,preposition change rhyme,place name change rhyme,and person name change rhyme.In terms of phonological form,the Xingyang dialect retroflex final belongs to the type of rolled vowel ending rhyme,similar to Mandarin,and the imaginary component "er" only has a rolled tongue color and does not become a syllable independently;the Xingyang dialect Z change rhyme no longer has the opposition of short and long vowels,and the rhyme vowel Z rhyme has the phonological characteristics of [+ back] and[+ round],which makes the syllable shortened by The phonological forms of [u] and [(?)] endings are often homogeneous with single-word sounds;the rhyme system of Xingyang dialect verbs becomes simpler from complex,and the rhymes are divided into three categories according to vowels: [(?)] change rhyme,[(?)]change rhyme and [(?)(?)] change rhyme;the phonological forms of Xingyang dialect prepositional rhymes are basically the same as their verbal change rhymes;the phonological forms of Xingyang dialect place name change rhymes and The phonological forms of the prepositional rhyme and the verbal change rhyme of the Xingyang dialect are basically the same.Some of the rhymes are formed by the fusion of the vowel of "home" with the previous syllable.The D change rhyme of Xingyang personal names is usually a two-syllable personal name,and in most cases it occurs in the final syllable of the personal name.Secondly,through the compilation and analysis of the first-hand materials obtained from the field survey,the characteristics,development stages,syntactic environment,and internal mechanisms of the Xingyang dialect rhyme phenomenon are explored in depth.Wang Hongjun(1999)summarizes the rhyme change phenomenon as a "two-in-one" syncretic construction,which is the opposite of the "one-in-two" syncretic construction.At present,the Xingyang dialect is in the fourth stage of retroflex final,which is in line with Wang Hongjun’s(1999)fourth stage,and is in a strong stage of development.By comparing with some areas in Shanxi province and northern Henan province with Z-variation phenomenon,Xingyang dialect Z-variation rhymes belong to simple fusion type,and the number of rhymes after Z-variation is only six,and the phonological forms are the same as the basic rhymes,and the locals are no longer aware of the difference between them and monosyllabic morphemes.The Z-variant rhymes in Xingyang dialect are only found in the hilly areas in the northern part of Guangwu Township,and there are almost no Z-variant rhymes in Xingyang city and most towns.The number of speakers is low,and it is no longer productive or analogous.It is currently in a state of atrophy and is on its way to decay and extinction.Most of the verb-variant rhymes in Xingyang dialect are monosyllabic verbs,and they are mainly found in two types of sentences: subject-predicate sentences containing verbs and verb-non-subject-predicate sentences,especially verb-predicate sentences,which are of various types and have the most complex structures.In Xingyang dialect,prepositional rhymes are used in the form of "preposition + noun + verb".There is more than one source of rhyme in Xingyang dialect,and there are several mechanisms of evolution: similarity to verb rhyme,similarity to retroflex final,cross influence of verb rhyme and retroflex final,weakening of the morpheme "home",loss of the vowel [k],and syncopation with the preceding and following syllables.The Xingyang dialect is divided into the retroflex final of the person’s name and the D change rhyme of the person’s name.The D-rhyme is a feature of Xingyang dialect.It is usually used as a face-to-face address between elders and juniors,or between peers and peers,in contrast to the back-rhyme,and is usually used between close relationships.Finally,through the analysis of Xingyang dialect’s vivid spoken corpus,the meanings and functions of Xingyang dialect’s variant rhymes in word formation and some specific syntactic structures are discussed in depth.In addition to the grammatical meanings and functions of the Xingyang dialect in terms of forming new words,changing the meaning of words,and changing the nature of words,the retroflex final in Xingyang dialect are often used in everyday life with a colloquial tone of affection,fondness,relaxation,and casualness,and the meaning of small terms is worn out and is gradually disappearing.Xingyang dialect Z-variant rhymes have grammatical meanings and functions in terms of word formation,noun marking,changing the meaning of words and being used as quantifiers.There are five grammatical meanings and functions of Xingyang dialect verb rhymes:(1)perfect marker,(2)continuative marker,(3)terminal marker,(4)form marker,(5)structure marker.The prepositions in Xingyang dialect are mainly used as prepositional devices,and there is no strict restriction on whether they can be rhymed or not,and they can be replaced freely according to the speaker’s choice.It is important to note that the rhymed prepositions only exist in monosyllabic form,and their grammatical function is equivalent to that of monosyllabic prepositions in Mandarin or bisyllabic prepositions such as "preposition + with" and "preposition + had".The D-rhyme of a person’s name as a call word generally occurs in the final syllable of a two-syllable person’s name,and plays a role in enhancing the emotional color,bringing them closer to each other,and improving the listener’s attention in verbal communication.