| Executive function is the most important cognitive function,and it can help to explore how human behavior is coordinated,orderly and purposeful.Adolescents are at an important stage of executive function maturation,and there are various factors affecting executive function.Although previous studies have confirmed that family socioeconomic status has a negative effect on inhibitory control and working memory of children or adolescents,whether family socioeconomic status affects the switching function of executive function has not been fully explored.The sense of power of middle school students includes the sense of control,autonomy and responsibility,which affects the interpersonal relationship and thinking mode of middle school students,while the high sense of power individuals have better inhibitory control,cognitive flexibility and working memory.The study also shows that the differences in adolescents’ executive function come from many aspects,such as the sense of power and family socioeconomic status,but there is less attention paid to individual differences and differences in executive function among adolescents in different regions.This study investigated the influence of family socioeconomic status on middle school students’ executive function through two experiments,and further explored the influence of power perception and different regions on middle school students with low family socioeconomic status.In the first study,a single-factor two-level(family socioeconomic status: high and low)design was used to explore the effect of family socioeconomic status on executive function of middle school students by comparing the reaction time and accuracy of middle school students in inhibition control task,conversion task and 3-back task.The results showed that the high family socioeconomic status group was significantly lower than the low family socioeconomic status group in the suppression control task and conversion task,while the high family socioeconomic status group was significantly higher than the low family socioeconomic status group in the suppression control and refresh task of the correct rate.It can be seen that middle school students with high family socioeconomic status have more cognitive advantages in inhibitory control of executive function,cognitive flexibility and working memory than middle school students with low family socioeconomic status.In the second study,2(sense of power: high,low)× 2(region type: countryside,city)was used to investigate the influence of sense of power and region type on middle school students’ executive function.The results after the successful initiation of the sense of power show that the main effect and interaction between the sense of power and the type of region are significant in the suppression control task and the conversion task,while the main effect of the sense of power is significant in the refresh task,but the interaction between the type of region and the sense of power is not significant.It can be seen that high sense of power has a better promoting effect on the executive function of middle school students with low family socioeconomic status,and urban middle school students show better cognitive advantages in the inhibition,control and conversion ability of executive function than township middle school students.In addition,under high and low sense of power,there is no significant difference between urban middle school students and countryside middle school students in the 3-back task,but they perform better in the inhibition control and conversion task.In summary,low family socioeconomic status has a certain negative impact on middle school students,while high sense of power can make middle school students with low family socioeconomic status perform better in executive function tasks and show better cognitive advantages,and this advantage is significantly different among middle school students in different regions.This study is conducive to enriching the research on the social factors affecting executive function,and by improving the sense of power of middle school students,it also helps to shorten the cognitive gap between urban and rural middle school students with low family socioeconomic status in a short period. |
