A Study On The Acquisition Of The Modal Verb "能" Based On Corpus

" 能 " is a high-frequency modal verb in Chinese with complex usage and semantic diversity,which is a major difficulty for international students in the acquisition process.However,there are not many studies on the acquisition of the single modal verb "能" for international students,and the reference standard of the acquisition order is relatively single.Therefore based on the existing researches on the modal verb "能",this paper analyzes 5820 related valid corpus in the HSK dynamic composition corpus.Meanwhile it examines the correct and incorrect usage of the modal verb "能" and analyzes the usage of it by second language speakers of different levels of Chinese.Lastly it proposes corresponding teaching suggestions based on the acquisition situation.The main findings of this paper are as follows:Firstly,this paper sorts out the meanings of " 能 " and summarizes the four meanings needed for this study: 能 1-[ability],能 2-[use],能 3-[permission],and 能4-[possibility].Then the usage of "能" is summarized to rationally analyze the later examples.Next,the valid corpus of " 能 " is statistically analyzed to rank the usage and correctness rates of Chinese learners.The order of usage of "能" is: 能 4>能 1>能 3>能 2.Then we examined the learners’ errors and categorized them into omission,mis-addition,mis-substitution,and mis-order.After that we analyzed the causes of the errors in "能",mainly in terms of the negative migration between native and target languages,the complexity of "能" itself,and the development of teaching materials.Besides,based on the above statistical analysis of the corpus,this paper processes the data with the correct use of relative frequency method,output rate statistic method and implication scale method to derive three acquisition orders of the modal verb "能",and uses SPSS to test the correlation of the three acquisition orders,which shows that the acquisition orders derived from these three criteria are correlated.The final order of the acquisition of "能" is: "能 4" > "能 1" > "能 3" > "能 2",i.e.[possibility] > [ability] > [permission] > [use].Finally,based on the above study,several suggestions are made for teaching the modal verb "能" : Firstly,from the perspective of classroom teaching,the frequent errors of "能" should be emphasized in the classroom,and the teaching order of "能" should be adjusted according to the learners’ Chinese level.Secondly,from the perspective of teaching materials,the language point of the modal verb "能" should be explained comprehensively,and should be written at different levels according to the degree of difficulty in learning.Thirdly,from the perspective of pedagogy,teachers can use the situational and communicative methods to teach,combining classroom communicative activities with extra-curricular communication to create near-real communicative situations for students.