Research On Marx’s Thoughts On The Status Of Human Beings In Nature

With the development of human beings through the primitive period,agricultural period to industrial period,the status of human beings in the natural world is also constantly changing,from the initial domination of nature and nature-centered gradually developed to people began to dominate nature without restraint and self-centered.The relationship between humans and nature has undergone changes throughout various periods.However,it is not until the ecological crisis has intensified that the Western ecological community has truly paid high attention to it.Reflecting on and seeking ecological justice in criticizing the ecological crisis has become the theme of Western ecology.Some Western ecologists have tried to return to Marx’s texts for answers,forming the Marxist school of ecology.Western ecological Marxism,although it pays great attention to drawing nourishment from Marx’s idea of the relationship between man and nature and combining ecology with Marxist theory,due to the divergence of scholars’ understanding of Marx’s thought,has led them to debate some of the claims in Marx’s idea of the relationship between man and nature,especially the idea of the status of human beings in nature.For this problem,there are two opposing voices in ecological Marxism,namely Marx’s proposition is "anthropocentrism" or "non-anthropocentrism".This kind of theoretical debate in ecological Marxism shows that Marx’s thought of the relationship between man and nature,especially the position of man in nature,is still a theoretical problem that needs further study.This paper attempts to enter into the problem from the Angle of philosophical thinking mode,to deeply explore Marx’s thoughts on the position of human in nature,in order to respond to the theoretical debate of western ecological Marxism,and to clarify the contemporary significance of Marx’s thoughts on the position of human in nature.This article,apart from the introduction,unfolds its discussion in three sections:In the first part,on the basis of introducing various viewpoints of ecological Marxism on the status of human in nature,the author mainly introduces two controversial viewpoints,namely "anthropocentrism" and "non-anthropocentrism".The introduction of these views is a necessary prerequisite for the research of this paper.On this basis,this paper analyzes the origin of the thinking mode of ecological Marxism,puts forward that the origin of its thinking mode lies in the epistemological thinking mode of western traditional philosophy,and analyzes the abstractness brought by this thinking mode to its theory.In the second part,on the basis of expound that the thinking mode of Marx’s philosophy is the thinking mode of practice theory,firstly,from Marx’s thought of man’s nature and subjectivity,it proves that man has the central position in nature.Then,according to Marx’s thought of man’s characteristic,it demonstrates the position of man in the harmonious and unified relationship between man and nature.Finally,from the historical process of human practice,it analyzes that the two dimensions of human centrality and non-centrality implied in Marx’s thought of the relationship between man and nature are not contradictory,and expounds that Marx’s thoughts on human nature,subjectivity and class characteristics are not abstract understandings of human beings,but reasonable understandings of human beings in the mode of practical thinking.On this basis,the understanding of human’s position in nature has both theoretical rationality and objectivity in line with the historical process of human practice development.In the third part,mainly from the two dimensions of the central and non-central position of human in nature,respectively explains the theoretical and practical significance of Marx’s thought about the position of human in nature in the contemporary.