| Moral disengagement is a common psychological phenomenon in daily life.Moral disengagement refers to the response or tendency to cognitively reconstruct unethical acts or intentions as acceptable or moral behaviors to reduce or avoid moral inhibition and moral dissonance.According to the moral disengagement theory,moral disengagement can be divided into pre-moral disengagement and post-moral disengagement.Individuals have the motivation to avoid immoral behavior in order to avoid self-condemnation.However,when individuals are tempted,they will rationalize immoral behavior by separating moral self-sanction from immoral behavior through pre-moral disengagement.When individuals realize the consequences of their immoral behavior,their negative emotion level will be intensified.At this time,individuals take post-moral disengagement as a coping mechanism to conduct moral self-regulation.Moral disengagement can be divided into general moral disengagement and special moral disengagement.General moral disengagement is a kind of broad moral disengagement for all immoral behavior,not for a specific immoral behavior.Specific moral disengagement is the moral disengagement aimed at some specific immoral behavior.At present,there are many researches on moral disengagement,but there are few researches on aggression moral disengagement.There are only two experimental methods,both of which are aimed at pre-aggression moral disengagement,while there is no research on post-attack moral disengagement.In this study,aggression moral disengagement,a special moral disengagement in the field of aggression,is studied in depth.Aggression moral disengagement is focused on,trying to further explore the experimental manipulation and brain mechanism of post-aggression moral disengagement.In theory,the experimental manipulation and brain mechanism research of post-aggression moral disengagement can enrich the theory of post-aggression moral disengagement,form effective experimental manipulation of post-aggression moral disengagement,increase the empirical research of post-aggression moral disengagement,reveal the psychological mechanism of the generation and development of aggressive behavior,and enrich brain mechanism research of moral disengagement.In practice,it can prevent and intervene aggressive behavior,and provide brain indicators and direction of brain intervention.Find experimental manipulation of the different level of post-aggression moral disengagement in study 1,that is,using aggressive cues combined of electric shock and money to effectively manipulate different levels of post-aggression moral disengagement.In this task,subjects were first asked to make a choice to shock or not to shock when both monetary benefit and shock duration were unknown.After making a choice to shock and knowing the specific benefit and shock duration,subjects rated the "moral appropriateness",the degree to which their choice was morally reasonable and justified.The participants then rated how uncomfortable they felt about the choice they made,immediately after they were presented with the shock duration and the amount of money.The formal experiment adopted 2*2 within-subjects design,with a total of 36 valid subjects.Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the main effect of money was significant,and the post-aggression moral disengagement score of high money was significantly higher than that of medium money.The main effect of shock duration was significant,and the post-aggression moral disengagement score of medium shock duration was significantly higher than that of high shock duration.The interaction between money and shock duration was significant,indicating that money and shock duration had a significant interaction effect on post-aggression moral disengagement.The results of simple effect analysis showed that:(1)the post-aggression moral disenchantment at medium shock duration was significantly higher than that at high shock duration;At high monetary conditions,post-aggression moral disengagement at medium shock duration was significantly higher than that at high shock duration.This indicates that the post-aggression moral disengagement of medium shock duration is higher than that of high shock duration under all monetary conditions.(2)Under the condition of medium shock duration,post-aggression moral disengagement of high money was significantly higher than that of medium money;Under the condition of high shock duration,post-aggression moral disengagement of high money was significantly higher than that of medium money.This indicates that the post-aggression moral disengagement of high money is higher than that of medium money in all conditions of shock duration.According to the results of study 1,we select three representative aggressive cues for study 2,specifically,high money and medium shock duration(triggering high post-aggression moral disengagement),high money and high shock duration(triggering moderate post-aggression moral disengagement),medium money and high shock duration(triggering low post-aggression moral disengagement).The experimental design and task of Study 2 were adjusted according to the question feedback of study 1and the requirements of f MRI experiment.The experiment adopted a single-factor,three-level,within-subjects design.The independent variables were high,medium and low aggressive cues of post-aggression moral disengagement.There were 25 valid subjects.The behavioral results showed that there were significant differences in post-aggression moral disengagement scores under three kinds of aggressive cues.The Bonferroni pairwise comparison showed that the post-aggression moral disengagement level in the condition of high money and medium shock duration(high)was significantly higher than that in the condition of high money and high shock duration(middle),and the post-aggression moral disengagement level in the condition of high money and medium shock duration(high)was significantly higher than that in the condition of medium money and high shock duration(low).Post-aggression moral disengagement level in the condition of high money and high shock duration(medium)was significantly higher than that in the condition of medium money and high shock duration(low).The MRI data were corrected by FDR.The results showed that the brain regions significantly activated under the condition of high-low post-aggression moral disengagement: left cingulate gyrus,right middle temporal gyrus,bilateral superior frontal gyrus,bilateral middle frontal gyrus,left angle gyrus,left cerebellum posterior lobe,left inferior frontal gyrus,bilateral lingual gyrus and left postcentral gyrus.The brain regions significantly activated under the condition of high-medium post-aggression moral disengagement: left anterior cingulate,left cingulate gyrus,left middle temporal gyrus,bilateral superior frontal gyrus,bilateral middle frontal gyrus,bilateral angle gyrus,bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe,left medial orbito frontal gyrus,right caudate,left superior temporal gyrus,bilateral inferior temporal gyrus,bilayer middle occipital gyrus and left precentral gyrus.There was no significant activation of brain regions in the condition of medium-low post-aggression moral disengagement.The brain regions significantly activated by high-low post-aggression moral disengagement and high-middle post-aggression moral disengagement overlap: left cingulate gyrus,bilateral superior frontal gyrus,bilateral middle frontal gyrus,left angular gyrus,left cerebellum posterior lobe.The conclusion can be drawn from these two studies:(1)The experimental manipulation of post-aggression moral disengagement is feasible,and the aggressive cues of post-aggression moral disengagement are effective;(2)The brain regions activated by post-aggression moral disengagement are mainly the left cingulate gyrus,superior frontal gyrus,middle frontal gyrus and left angular gyrus.These brain regions are associated with brain associations with moral cognition,the psychological component of moral disengagement. |
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