The Relationship Between Bullying And Balanced Time Perspective In Adolescents:the Longitudinal Mediation Of Self-identity

Time runs through the whole process of individual life and plays an important role in the development of individuals.A balanced time perspective allows us to flexibly travel through time and adopt the most appropriate time orientation to cope with life.Previous studies have also found that balanced time perspective is a positive protection mechanism for teenagers,helping them to establish constructive goals and pursue them,and at the same time cultivating their ability to experience happiness and pleasure,and prevent negative emotions and the feeling of helplessness.Adolescence is a critical stage that plays a significant role in shaping the future trajectory of teenagers’ lives.Campus bullying has a profound impact on the development of adolescents,with those involved often experiencing negative psychological outcomes such as anxiety,depression,and social maladjustment.According to the balanced time perspective theory,individuals in high-pressure environments tend to overemphasize one time orientation and ignore other time orientations.As a result,victims of bullying are easily trapped in the painful past and difficult to escape,forming a biased negative time orientation and using it to think about the present and future,resulting in a vicious circle.During adolescent development,the task of forming self-identity is crucial.This process involves integrating one’s past,present,and future selves into a cohesive whole.As cognition continues to develop,teenagers adopt new cognitive methods to reflect on their past,present and future,as well as the relationship between themselves and time.However,the impact of campus bullying on adolescents’ self-identity is obvious.Adolescents who are bullied often feel insecure,think about themselves in a negative way,and it is difficult to complete the development of self-identity.Based on this,this study believes that balanced time perspective may be a protective mechanism for adolescents to effectively resist bullying.Therefore,this study aims to explore the influence mechanism between bullying and balanced time perspective of adolescents and the intermediary role of self-identity in the process through longitudinal research design,so as to provide the corresponding theoretical basis for the intervention of campus bullying.This study used the Delaware Campus Bullying Victim Scale,Self-Identity Scale,and Balanced Time Perspective Inventory to conduct a follow-up study on 727 middle school students over a period of one year,with a total of three measurements and a 3-month interval between each measurement.Among them,there were 380 boys and 347 girls,with an average age of 13.88 ± 0.71 years.Use data analysis software such as SPSS23.0 and MPLUS7.0 to analyze the data.Study 1 found significant differences in bullying status,self-identity,and balance time perception among adolescents of different genders and family economic status through differential testing of the first measurement data.Study 2 explored the relationship and influencing mechanisms between adolescent bullying and balanced time perspective by constructing a cross lagged model,and delved into the different influencing mechanisms between bullying status and balanced time perspective among adolescents of different genders.Study 3explored the longitudinal mediating role of self-identity in the relationship between adolescent bullying and balanced time perspective by constructing a longitudinal mediating model.The research results are as follows:(1)There are significant differences in adolescent bullying,self-identity,and balanced time perspective among different genders and family economic conditions;Compared to girls,boys suffer more physical bullying,less relational bullying,higher levels of self-identity,and higher levels of balanced time perspective;Teenagers with better family economic conditions are less likely to be bullied,have higher levels of self-identity,and have more balanced time perspective;(2)There is a two-way predictive relationship between bullying and balanced time perspective,that is,the degree of bullying can significantly negatively predict the level of balanced time perspective,and the balanced time perspective can also significantly negatively predict the degree of bullying;(3)There are different mechanisms between the degree of bullying and the balanced time perspective of adolescents of different genders.Girls can be affected by the balanced time perspective after the negative prediction of bullying degree and the balanced time perspective after the negative prediction of bullying degree.Boys only showed that bullying was a negative predictor of balanced time perspective;(4)Self-identity plays a cross-sectional and longitudinal mediating role between adolescent bullying and balanced time perspective.In summary,the development of adolescents’ balanced time perspective is of great significance,and being bullied and self-identity are very important influencing factors.When adolescents develop balanced time perspective,they should provide a good educational environment,minimize bullying injuries,and focus on individual selfdevelopment.In addition,this also provides a certain theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of adolescent school bullying,exploring the "cure" method from a time perspective.