The Research On Figure Statues In Yanliao Region

As the relics of various activities of the ancestors in the prehistoric period,the figure statues carry various information such as carving techniques and spiritual beliefs of the people at that time.They are of great significance to our study of prehistoric society.Many human figure statues have been found in most of the cultural sites in the Yanliao area of the Neolithic Age in my country,of which there are 63 relatively complete figure statues in total.In this paper,according to the morphological characteristics of figure statues,they can be divided into human body,human head and human face.Human bodies can be divided into six types according to the legs and gender differences of the figure statues: A type upright figure;B type sitting figure;C type standing figure;D type bust figure;E The multi-person figure and the F-type figure are combined with artifacts.The human head is divided into two types according to the difference in the shape of the eyes: A-type round-eyed human head;B-type thin-line inscribed eyes.The human faces are divided into six types according to the different shapes of the eyes: A-type with round holes to express the eyes;B-type slender and flat eyes;C-type oval-shaped hollow eyes;D-type diamond-shaped eyes;E-type realistic face The image and the F-shaped human face are combined with the utensils.Combined with the place where the figure statues were made,the age of the culture they belonged to,and the changing laws of the characteristics of the figure statues,this paper divides the development of the Neolithic figure statues in the Yanliao area into three periods: the first period is from BC7000 to BC5000,the figure statues includes human body,human head and human face.Among them,the types of human body are A-type and D-type.The human head is only A-type.There are types A,B,C and D of human faces.During this period,the female statues were relatively heavy,and the female statues were represented by the chest and slightly bulging belly,but there was no depiction of the legs.The second phase is from BC5000 to BC3500.The portraits include human bodies and human faces,and no human heads have been seen.Among them,the types of human bodies are Ba type,and the face are Ab type,Db type and E type.During this period,the proportion of female statues was still relatively large,and the female characteristics were realized with obvious bulging belly and chest.The human body has a depiction of the legs.The human face begins to have a certain realism.The third period is from BC 3500 to BC2000,including human bodies,human heads and human faces.Among them,the types of human bodies are B-type,C-type,D-type,E-type and F-type.There are A-type and B-type head statues.There are D type,E type and F type.During this period,female figure statues reflected gender characteristics in many aspects such as breasts,bulging belly,thin waist,and wide hips.There have been multiple figure statues and special figure statues that combine figure statues with artifacts.Portraits are more realistic.The Neolithic figure statues in Yanliao area have several obvious changes in their development process: the legs of the human body have changed from nothing to sitting and standing;the gender characteristics of female figure statues have gradually paid attention to detail;the subject matter of figure statues gradually enriched;the realism of the figure statues is continuously enhanced.This paper analyzes the social function of figure statues from the four unearthed environments of house sites,tombs,sacrificial relics and ash pits(ditches).The house site is used as a residence and a place of worship,and the figure statues can be the decoration of the room and the portrait props in the sacrifice activities.The figure statues in the tombs are mostly used as the burial objects of the tomb owner.The human figures in the sacrificial ruins may have been used as sacrificial props and idols.The figure statues in the ash pits may be "garbage" that was intentionally abandoned,or they may be exercises for people to practice creating figure statues.Neolithic portraits in the Yanliao area do not exist in isolation,and more or less interact with other cultures around them during their development.This paper believes that the figure statues in the Hake site may be one of the sources of portraits in the Yanliao area.The Neolithic figure statues in Yanliao and the Yangshao culture in the Yellow River Basin also have a certain communication and dissemination relationship.Through the study of Neolithic figure statues in Yanliao,it is not only helpful to understand the evolution of figure statues in Yanliao,but also to reveal the craftsmanship and spiritual world of Neolithic ancestors in Yanliao,and to clarify The interactive relationship between the culture of Yanliao area in the Neolithic Age and the culture of surrounding areas in the same period.