| Purpose:This study explores the influencing factors of depressive symptoms of the elderly in China,the experience of population migration from rural to urban areas and the influence of the type of migration on senile depression,as well as the changing trend of this effect over time.Combined with relevant theories and policies,this paper analyzes the causes of rural-urban migration,and puts forward some suggestions to improve the mental health of the elderly from the perspective of individuals,families and the government.We will help promote healthy aging and new urbanization in China.Methods:This paper we did have used the panel data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)from 2011 to 2018 as the research sample,and we have selected and collated the data.The data processing and statistical modeling used in this study are realized by R software,the variables included in the study are analyzed,and the frequency statistics of the migration experience and the occurrence of senile depressive symptoms of the elderly in four different survey times are carried out,and the frequency bar distribution chart is drawn.Contingency table analysis and univariate analysis were carried out on the depression status of the elderly with different migration experiences and different types of migration experiences,and then the depressive symptoms of the elderly were taken as dependent variables,and the migration experience and the type of migration experience were taken as independent variables to control other related factors.The zero model of the generalized linear mixed model,the fixed effect model,the mixed effect model of personal ID as random effects and the mixed effect model with interactive effects are constructed respectively.Results:1.The results of factor analysis showed that socio-demographic factors(such as age,sex,education,etc.),health characteristics(such as chronic diseases,cognitive function,etc.),lifestyle factors(such as smoking,drinking,sleep time,etc.),social support and economic characteristics(such as children’s contact times,annual family income,etc.)are respectively related to depressive symptoms in the elderly;2.The model 0 of the generalized linear mixed model of depressive symptoms in the elderly shows that.Male,older,more educated,married,no chronic diseases,healthier cognitive function,better self-rated health,no smoking,no alcohol,no physical activity,6-9 hours of sleep,siesta,children contact frequency of more than half a year,higher annual family income will significantly reduce the possibility of depressive symptoms in the elderly.The results of model 1 show that the incidence of senile depressive symptoms can be significantly reduced by having rural to urban migration experience,rural to urban migration experience and urban hukou experience,and urban resident experience,while model 2 shows that individual ID as a random effect has a significant effect on senile depression,indicating that the difference in the incidence of depressive symptoms among elderly individuals can not be ignored.The results of model 3 showed that the incidence of depressive symptoms in the elderly increased year by year during the four interviews from 2011 to 2018.The influence of rural-urban migration experience or urban resident experience on reducing the incidence of depressive symptoms in the elderly showed a trend of increasing year by year,while the influence of rural-urban migration experience and urban hukou on reducing the incidence of depressive symptoms in the elderly increased at first and then decreased.The impact was greatest in 2015.Conclusions:1.Male,older age,higher education,married,no chronic disease,high score of cognitive function,high score of self-care ability of daily life,non-smoking,nondrinking,moderate sleep time,intergenerational economic support and other factors can protect the mental health of the elderly;2.During the four interviews from 2011 to 2018,the detection rate of depressive symptoms of the elderly with migration experience was lower than that of the elderly without migration experience,and the elderly who lived in cities and towns were less likely to develop depressive symptoms than those with other types of migration experience;3.The incidence of depressive symptoms in the elderly tends to rise with the passage of time,and different migration experiences or different types of migration experience have effects on depressive symptoms in the elderly.Generally speaking,rural-urban migration experience and urban resident experience can reduce the incidence of depressive symptoms in the elderly,and the influence of the change of rural-urban migration experience on elderly depressive symptoms will change with the passage of time;4.This study calls on the relevant social and government departments to pay attention to the mental health status of the elderly who have experienced rural-urban migration,and to formulate relevant policies combined with the current social reality,in order to promote the process of active aging in our country. |
