| "foothold" has a very important theoretical position in the construction of historical conception,which manifests the theoretical paradigm of the construction of historical conception,and the theoretical reform of historical conception is often manifested in the reform of the foothold of historical conception.The construction of the modern western conception of history is accompanied by the enlightenment perspective.Rousseau and Hobbes set the foothold of history as the state of nature,and human history presents the evolution from the state of nature to the state of society.Vico and Hodel further integrated "human nature" into the foothold of history and regarded the development of human history as the overall evolution of human nature.In German classical philosophy,the construction of the theoretical paradigm of the conception of history changed from "historical science" to "philosophy of history",and the foothold of the conception of history was also in the process of the development of transcendental ideology to absolute ideology,which experienced the turn from the foothold of the teleology of transcendental self-presentation to the foothold of the external reality of the absolute idea.In this turn,Hegel constructed the "logical foothold" of the absolute idea.In Hegel’s speculative philosophy system,the absolute idea is the potential basis of human history,and human history is the process in which the absolute idea realizes itself in the way of spiritual movement in human society.Therefore,the foothold of human history begins with the spiritual presentation of the absolute idea.At the foothold of his conception of history,Hegel broke through the intellectual limitation of the previous conception of history which was confined to "representation",and established the highly idealistic conception of history of dialectical thinking theory,which also provided the direct ideological premise for Marx’s conception of history.Marx criticizes the abstractness,solipsism and mystery of the foothold of Hegel’s theory of history.In the Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right,the Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy of 1844,and the Outline on Feuerbach,Marx gradually clarified the historical connotation of "practice",and established historical materialism with practice as the cornerstone in the German Ideology.As the foothold of historical materialism,practice has threefold connotation:First,it reveals the realistic basis of historical development,namely human material production activities.Secondly,practice highlights the internal logic of historical development,that is,the objectification of human nature.Finally,practice confirms the law of historical development,that is,the contradictory movement of productive forces and relations of production.Taking practice as the beginning of the foothold of history changed the original basis,the way of being and the way of movement of Hegel’s speculative beginning,and realized the materialistic view of history from fantasy to science.The analysis of Marx’s reform of Hegel’s conception of history not only helps to clarify Marx’s ideological evolution in the course of establishing historical materialism theoretically.Moreover,it is helpful to clarify the theoretical premise of Marx’s discovery of "historical truth",enrich the connotation of historical materialism,and thus provide the theoretical foundation for the confidence of the socialist path with Chinese characteristics. |
