| After witnessing the real suffering brought to people by the capitalist society based on private ownership,Theodore Dezamy,as a French Utopian socialist,proposed the "public ownership",an Utopian plan on socialism in Code De La Communauté,which became the ideological premise for Marx to built his scientific socialism.In Code De La Communauté,Dezamy constructed his scheme of public ownership on the six basic principles,including happiness,freedom,equality,fraternity,unity,and the public ownership.He criticized capitalism and opposed private ownership,considering private ownership as a "Pandora’s box" and the source of all evil.He attacked capitalist democracy,saying it was a system that confused people.He pitied the suffering and misery of people and advocated public education.His vision of the future community of mankind was based on the promotion of scientific progress,the emancipation of the productive forces,the equality of proportionality,and the distribution of goods according to need.Dezamy’s theory is flawed,dezamy’s vision of society "based on natural law" lagged behind the times.His theory of violent revolution was an unorganized and aimless uprising,an unrealistic revolutionary theory.His public commune was only a moral and legal union,leading inevitably to the path of utopian socialism.Dezamy’s "scheme of public ownership" was indeed a utopian theory,but but it cannot erase its rationality in social revolution,the elimination of private ownership,and the union of the collective.Based on the practice of material production in human society,Marx turned Dezamy’s "Utopie" into the "truth" of human practice,which naturally included a pragmatic transformation of Dezamy’s "idea of public ownership".First,Marx transformed the subject of emancipation from the emancipation of the proletarians to the emancipation of the proletariat,realizing the emancipation of the whole human race by eliminating classes.Second,Marx transformed the mode of equality from "proportional equality" to the equality of freemen,which is more scientific and reasonable.Third,Marx transformed the mode of existence from "public commune’s union" to "Freemen’s union"... |
