The Study Of Tuntian(Aggregation Reclamation)in The Hexi Corridor From Kangxi To Qianlong Period Of The Qing Dynasty

"Tuntian"(aggregation reclamation)is an agricultural production organization form that combines labor and land and other means of production together by means of national compulsory measures or national credit guarantees.Since the Western Han Dynasty,the Hexi Corridor has become a key area for Tuntian due to its important military position.By the Qing Dynasty,the Junggar Campaign that spanned the Kangxi,Yongzheng,and Qianlong peroids made the Hexi Corridor continue the tradition of Tuntian in past dynasties while also presenting many new era characteristics.After the war ended,the Hexi Corridor changed its position as a frontline and border area since the middle period of Tang Dynasty and was completely incorporated into the interior.The geographical changes behind this contain profound changes in governance methods and social forms,and Tuntian,as a state-led political process,played an important role in the process of "domestication" of the Hexi Corridor,and its influence even continued into modern times.This article regards Tuntian as a systematized political process,fully exploring the potential of new archives and local documents.It examines and analyzes the development of Tuntian in this period and region more meticulously and thoroughly than previous scholars,focusing on the political motives and process management of Tuntian.It analyzes the interaction between the emperor,governors,and officials at all levels in this process,studies the specific links from reclamation,land betterment,canal opening,alkali removal,mid-tillage to harvest of Tuntian,so as to improve the detailed understanding of Qing Dynasty institutional history.And it may provide reference for Tuntian research in other regions of Qing Dynasty and other periods of Chinese history.