The Error Analysis And Teaching Strategies Of Mandarin Vowel [(?)]:Evidence From Chinese Learners Of Japan

The vowel is an important factor in foreign tones for Chinese learners.There is strong Markedness on Mandarin vowel [(?)],its unique pronunciation movement also enhances the Markedness,increases the difficulty for learners in acquisition.In this thesis,Japanese native speakers who learned Mandarin as the second language are selected to be extracted the data of the First Formant,Second Formant and Third Formant by Acoustic Experiment,based on that,drawing the Acoustic Vowel Map and Vowel Pattern.By comparing the vowel pattern of Chinese native speakers and Chinese learners of Japan,explore the types and causes of pronunciation errors of learners,and put forward specific teaching suggestions.The results of the experiment includes four errors.Firstly,the error in the height of tongue is the higher position of pronunciation about vowel [(?)].It is influenced by the small overall distribution area of Japanese Vowel Pattern and the small opening degree.At the same time,it is also related to learners choosing vowels with highly similar tongue positions in Japanese instead of pronunciation.Secondly,in anterior and posterior tongue position,the error of learners is the further forward tongue position about vowel [(?)].It is mainly influenced by negative transfer of native language,interference between vowels of target language,physiological conditions of pronunciation and writing forms of vowels.Thirdly,the error is insufficient movement of the tongue position.The reason is that the learners lack of the awareness of the movement about Mandarin vowel [(?)].Fourthly,there is a phenomenon of tongue rolling when Chinese learners pronounce vowel [(?)].Combining the causes and types of the errors,this thesis sums up the specific teaching methods and forms the corresponding teaching design for every kind of errors.Teaching methods include graphic method,voice method,gesture method,sound discrimination method,exaggeration method,etc.In the teaching process,all methods should be used comprehensively,and focused on the method depending on the type of students’ errors.The results of acoustic experiment after teaching shows that the above methods are effective.