Revision And Application Of The Sensitivity To Punishment And Sensitivity To Reward Questionnaire In Drug Rehabilitation Population

Objective:To revise the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire,(SPSRQ)in drug detoxification population,as a measurement tool of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory.To test the psychometric quality of the scale,and promote the application of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory in drug abuse population.Secondly,to explore the relationship between the behavioral inhibition system and the behavioral activation system,determine the relationship is independent system hypothesis or joint system hypothesis,so as to promote the improvement and development of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory.Methods:Firstly,the Chinese version of the SPSRQ scale was revised by means of translation,back-translation and expert group discussion.Secondly,660 drug addicts who meet the requirements were selected as the research objects in compulsory drug rehabilitation centers of Hunan province,and they were tested with SPSRQ scale,behavioral inhibition/behavioral activation scale,impulsive behavior scale,self-control scale and drug addiction scale.Of them,129 subjects were randomly selected for retesting after 6 weeks.Then to test the psychometric quality of the scale based on the collected data,used item analysis to test the discriminating power of each item and the degree of correlation with the total score;performed confirmatory factor analysis to test the construct validity of the scale;calculated the correlations between the SPSRQ scale and the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scale,Impulsivity Scale and Self-Control Scale to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the scale;internal consistency reliability,composite reliability and test-retest reliability were used to analyze reliability of the scale.Finally,by comparing the differences in the degree of impulsivity,self-control and drug addiction among subjects with different levels of reinforcement sensitivity,and the interaction of punishment sensitivity and reward sensitivity to examine the independent system hypothesis and joint system hypothesis between behavioral inhibitory system and the behavioral activation system.Results:(1)Item analysis:Based on the results of Item-Total Correlation and high-low group discrimination,combined with previous research,14 items were deleted to form a 34-item version of the SPSRQ scale;(2)Construct validity:given the factor loading and model modification index in the results of confirmatory factor analysis,one problematic item was deleted,and a 33-item version of the SPSRQ scale was formed.The two-factor model fit well in the drug addiction population,and the factor loading of all items were between 0.417 to0.698.The model fit wasχ~2/df=2.443,CFI=0.860,TLI=0.850,RMSEA=0.048[0.044,0.051].(3)Convergent validity and discriminant validity:The correlation coefficient between SPSRQ scale and behavioral inhibition/behavioral activation scale was 0.435,and the correlation coefficient with impulsivity scale and control scale were 0.312 and-0.306.The difference test of correlation coefficient indicated that the correlation coefficient of SPSRQ scale with behavioral inhibition/behavioral activation scale was significantly higher than that with impulsivity scale and self-control scale(p<0.01).(4)Reliability:The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the scale and each factor were 0.779～0.840,the composite reliability of the scale and each factor were 0.871～0.938,and the test-retest reliability were 0.744～0.761.(5)Difference test:The high punishment and high reward sensitivity group demonstrated significantly higher level of impulsivity than those of the other three groups(p<0.05);the level of self-control in the low punishment sensitivity group was significantly higher than that of the high punishment sensitivity group(p<0.05);in the difference test of addiction degree,the low punishment and low reward sensitivity group demonstrated significantly lower addiction degree than that of the high punishment and low reward sensitivity group(p<0.05,Hedges’g=0.468).(6)Moderating effect analysis:Punishment sensitivity played a positive moderating role in the relationship between reward sensitivity and impulsivity(β=0.088,p=0.049);reward sensitivity had the positive moderating effect on the relationship between punishment sensitivity and self-control(β=-0.118,p=0.017);the moderating effect of punishment sensitivity in the relationship between reward sensitivity and addiction degree was not significant(β=-0.102,p=0.054),but when the level of punishment sensitivity is relatively low,there is a certain interaction between punishment sensitivity and reward sensitivity..Conclusion:(1)The SPSRQ scale is a psychometrically sound self-report measure for drug users,showing good item quality,construct validity,convergent validity,discriminant validity,test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability,which can be used as an effective measurement tool for assessing the level of reinforcement sensitivity of drug addicts.(2)There is a joint effect between the behavioral inhibition system and the behavioral activation system,demonstrating a facilitatory or antagonistic effect on different traits.