| Xinjiang,China,is located in the hinterland of Central Asia,which is the core of SinoWestern exchanges.The Turpan Basin is located in Xinjiang,a vital dispute area.Curiosity and research on the living conditions of the population in this area have never stopped.The ancient anthropological method has many advantages as a relatively objective and scientific observation method.In this study,345 human skeletal remains from Yanghai Cemetery(excavated in 1988),Jiayi Cemetery,and Shengjindian Cemetery,which belong to the same Subesi culture in prehistory Trupan basin,were observed and analyzed in combination with various methods of sex and age estimation in the early stage.After comparison,the human bone was converted into researchable data using the equal probability distribution assignment method.To make the sex and age of the sample more consistent with the probability distribution,study the sex and age distribution of each age stage on this basis,mark the skull individuals representing the violent conflict,observe the age and sex distribution differences of the trauma sample,use the standard distance formula to calculate the sex,age,and trauma distribution differences among the three groups of people in each age segment,and explore the similarities and differences of the population data of the three groups.The results showed no significant difference in the average age of death among the three groups.The peak of death of male was in the prime of life,and the individual value was higher.The number and proportion of death of female as a whole were higher than that of male in youth and middle and old age.The peak of death of children was concentrated in the youth stage.However,there are differences between the three groups.The highest proportion of adult deaths in Yanghai Cemetery is in the middle age,and the proportion of infant deaths in the Shengjindian Cemetery and Yanghai Cemetery sample is much higher than that in the sample of Jiayi Cemetery.From the perspective of distance calculation,the overall distribution of Jiayi Cemetery and Shengjindian Cemetery is relatively close,and the data similarity between them and Yanghai Cemetery is small.Add the three-population data as a whole and then compare them separately.It is found that the population data of Jayi Cemetery is the closest to the whole,and the difference between Yanghai Cemetery is the largest.Based on the results of the demographic data analysis in this paper,combined with the previous archaeological studies of Turpan,it can be concluded that the mortality rate of trauma in middle-aged men indicates that the people in this area are at the core of interpersonal disputes and belong to the primary victim,which is sufficient to illustrate this conclusion.The same high trauma rate of adult women and underage individuals indicates that the population is in highly violent conflict.Combined with other biological and archaeological evidence,such as isotopes and starch grains in dental calculus,the population in this area is also under extremely high survival pressure,and the resources of the attacked settlements are scarce.At the same time,the three groups also experienced changes in their social forms in the Turpan Basin in the pre-millennium.From the perspective of demography,the new evidence can be obtained for their mixed agricultural and pastoral economic mode. |
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