On Nietzsche’s Revaluation Of Kant’s Moral Religion

After overthrowing the traditional proof of God’s existence,Kant established his own moral religion,and this alliance between morality and religion is exactly what Nietzsche opposed.On the one hand,Nietzsche saw the ethical disease of modernity and made the diagnosis of "nihilism",while moral religion,with its pursuit of freedom and the establishment of human subjectivity,embodies the prominence of the crisis of modernity;on the other hand,moral religion is the inheritance of Enlightenment rationality,which is opposed to the irrationalism of modern philosophy represented by Nietzsche.Therefore Nietzsche aspires to reassess this moralized religion and establish his own value system.Nietzsche critiques Kantian moral religion from four aspects: theoretical origin,theoretical presupposition,ideal pointing,and value principle.First,Kantian moral religion is based on the inheritance and transcendence of traditional metaphysical and rationalist religious ideas,and Nietzsche sees it more as a deformation of Platonism.He focuses on the rationalism,dual world division,and moral supremacy traditions in it for critique.Secondly,for the three axioms of moral-religious theoretical presuppositions,namely,"freedom of the will," "the immortality of the soul," and "the existence of God" in the practical realm,Nietzsche makes a case for each of them."Nietzsche rejects each of them and points out their formality and falsity.Again,Nietzsche points out the depravity and subjectivity of the moral-religious ideal pointing to"God" and criticizes Kant for having a "theologian’s instinct".Finally,Nietzsche rejects the value principle of moral religion,namely,rational moral values,the criterion of "good" and"evil",and its anti-naturalistic moral essence and universalized moral law.Nietzsche also offers his own conception of these four aspects.He replaced the supersensible world with the "earth" representing the sensual reality and the liberation of the "flesh",replaced the "practical reason" with the "will to power" representing the essence of life,and replaced the "practical reason" with the "practical reason"."He replaced the supersensible world with the " earth," which represents the emancipation of the sensual reality and the " body.The "spirit of wine" replaces "rational moral values" as the value principle,and constructs a new system completely different from Kant’s moral religion.Nietzsche’s reassessment reflects his effective diagnosis of the crisis of "syndromic" morality and modernity,his powerful attack on moralized religion,and his positive affirmation of the reality of human life,which has a profound impact on the modern philosophical system.However,the extreme nature of his critical process and the contradictory nature of his "treatment" process make his reassessment inevitably carry certain limitations.Most previous studies on Nietzsche’s religious thought have focused on the critique of Christianity,and comparative studies on Nietzsche Kant are limited to aesthetics and anthropology.This paper focuses on comparing Nietzsche’s philosophy of religion with Kant’s,focusing on Nietzsche’s critique of Kant’s moral religion,distinguishing Nietzsche’s critique of Christianity from his critique of Kant’s moral religion,which helps us better understand the philosophical implications of both religions and explore the the significance and limitations of Nietzsche’s revaluation of moral religion.