The Research On The Kuomintang-Communist Cooperation In Shandong During The Comprehensive Anti Japanese War

The united front,armed struggle and party building are the three magic weapons of the CPC to defeat the enemy in the Chinese revolution.Since the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1921,how to handle the relationship with the Kuomintang has always been a key issue in the united front work of the Communist Party of China.In the stages of the Comprehensive Anti Japanese War,the situation in Shandong region was relatively complex,forming a situation where the enemy,puppet,and stubborn bandits each relied on their respective sides.At that time,the strength of the Party organization in Shandong was weak.To take root and develop in Shandong and adhere to the cause of the Shandong Anti Japanese War,the Party organization in Shandong was necessary to cooperate with the Kuomintang forces in Shandong.In the early stages of the Comprehensive Anti Japanese War,the cooperation targets of the Shandong Party organization were the local powerful factions of the Kuomintang represented by Han Fuju and Fan Zhuxian.The Communist Party of China initially achieved the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the War of Resistance against Japan by sending Communist Party members to participate in and build its military political work organization-the Political Training Department.With the help of the legal identity of the Political Training Department,the Communist Party of China was able to further recover and develop its organization in Shandong.However,the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party,carried by the Political Training Department,was essentially dependent on the cooperation of the Kuomintang’s military forces,and therefore had considerable fragility,which quickly collapsed with changes in the situation in Shandong.At the same time as the rise of the Political Training Department,the Anti Japanese Mobilization Committee,as a mobilization organization for the Anti Japanese War,began to develop in Shandong and gradually replaced the Political Training Office.The Mobilization Committee was established based on the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party,with the aim of mobilizing for the Anti Japanese War.Unlike the Political Training Department,the Communist Party of China had stronger independence in the Mobilization Committee and played a more important role in promoting the development of the Shandong Anti Japanese War.The Chinese Kuomintang Anti Enemy Comrade Association(referred to as the Anti Enemy Association)was founded by some left-wing of the Kuomintang and democratic figures,and gradually grew up under the guidance and support of the Shandong Branch of the Communist Party of China.It is an important practice for the Communist Party of China to try to take the initiative in cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.Although many problems have arisen in the subsequent development of the Anti Enemy Association,it still has many positive meanings.The final resolution of the Anti Enemy Association issue also provided important lessons for the Communists.The cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in military affairs is also an important component of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of Shandong.Especially in the cooperation with the Northeast Army’s Yu Xuezhong Department,the Shandong Branch of the Communist Party of China has always adopted the correct united front strategy,maintaining the overall situation of the Shandong Anti Japanese War.By 1943,the Communist Party assisted the Northeast Army in evacuating Shandong,but Li Xianzhou,who was ordered to replace Yu Xuezhong,failed to enter Shandong.As a result,the power balance between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in Shandong underwent a complete reversal.Overall,during the eight years of the Comprehensive Anti Japanese War,the Shandong Party organization gradually explored methods of cooperation with the Kuomintang based on the united front policy of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the specific situation of Shandong at that time,grasped the scale of cooperation and struggle,and formulated strategies for cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party according to local conditions and circumstances.These have made the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of Shandong from shallow to deep.At the same time,the Shandong Party organization also achieved great development through the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party,making great contributions to the healthy development of the Shandong Anti Japanese Base Area and the final victory of the Anti Japanese War.