Study On The Attention Mechanism Of Odor Stimulation Promoting Bench Press Training Performance

Attention is one of the most basic cognitive abilities of human beings.Almost all cognitive activities of human beings are inseparable from attention.In bench press training,researchers guided individuals to focus their attention on specific muscle areas through specific verbal instructions,so as to improve the muscle activity level in this area and achieve better training results.However,some researchers point out that the objectivity of verbal instruction method is relatively insufficient,and a more objective way is needed to guide individual attention concentration.Odor stimulation is an important factor in improving people’s attention ability in daily life.Therefore,this study intends to explore the influence of odor stimulation on bench press training effect,reveal the change of individual attention characteristics under odor stimulation,and improve muscle activity level to achieve better training effect.In this study,EMG was combined with event-related potentials(ERP)in attentive network testing(including alerting,orientating and executive control networks).The effect of odor stimulation on bench press training was explored from two aspects of physiological electrical activity and neuropsychological mechanism.Experiment 1 explored the effect of odor stimulation on bench press training.Thirty experienced strength training subjects were randomly divided into the high-concentration odor group and the middle-concentration odor group.They were subjected to bench press training with load intensity of 50%-1RM and 80%-1RM respectively under positive,negative and no odor odor conditions.The electrophysiological activities of pectoralis major and triceps brachii muscles during bench press were recorded by EMG.We found that the main effect of odor condition(P<0.001,η_p2=0.24)and load intensity(P<0.01,η_P2=0.18)was significant,and EMG activity was more activated under negative odor and 80%-1RM.The interaction between odor and load intensity(P<0.001,η_p2=0.34)and between odor and muscle(P<0.05,η_p2=0.14)was significant.In the condition of negative odor,EMG activity was more significant at the intensity level of 80%-1RM than 50%-1RM.Second,the electromyographic activity of the pectoralis major was more significant than that of the triceps brachii when stimulated by a negative odor.The experiment 2 focused on exploring the effect of odor stimulation on subjects’attention mechanism.In experiment 1,subjects underwent attention network tests under the same odor conditions,recorded their behavioral responses,and assessed the electrophysiological responses of N1 and N2 components by event-related potentials.We found:(1)In the alerting network,the main effect of the odor condition was significant(P=0.002,η_p~2=0.21),and the interaction between the odor and the cue was significant(P=0.005,η_p~2=0.17).Specifically,the negative odor stimulus led to faster alerting response time.The main effect and interaction of odor condition were not significant in the orientating and executive control network(PS>0.05).(2)In electrophysiological response,the main effect of odor stimulation was significant(P=0.04,η_p~2=0.12)in the alerting network of cue-related N1 component.Compared with the other two odor conditions,negative odor showed a larger amplitude activity in the occipital lobe region(P=0.02,η_p~2=0.13).Second,we found no difference in amplitude activity induced by odor stimulation in the orienting network.In the executive control network of the N2 component,the main effect of the odor stimulation was significant(P=0.04,η_p~2=0.14),and the negative odor showed greater amplitude activity at the Fz electrode.Combining behavioral and electrophysiological results,we concluded that negative odor promoted attentional alerting performance of subjects.(3)further pectoralis major subjects of the experiment and triceps muscle activity data and experiment 2 subjects in the note in the network response and N1,N2,we analyze the amplitude of the composition,the results showed that the participants in the process of the bench press pectoralis major muscle activity was associated with a significant alert network N1 amplitude(r=0.642,P<0.001).Conclusion:In the absence of significant differences in odor concentration,(1)the negative odor can enhance the EMG activity and improve the performance of bench press training under high load intensity for individuals;(2)the negative odor effectively promoted the attention and alerting ability of individuals,and the effective concentration of attention resources was the internal psychological attention mechanism of negative odor promoting the effect of bench press training.