Lefebvre's Spatial Political Thought And Philosophical Criticis

The concept of "life world" was first put forward by Husserl,and Habermas absorbed the reasonable elements and made his own interpretation,forming his own theory of life world.Although Marx did not mention the concept of "life world",we can see that the concept of "life world" runs through all Marx’s theories,whether in his early Doctoral Thesis or his late Capital.In a sense,Marxist philosophy is also a kind of "life" philosophy.This paper compares Marx’s theory of life world with Habermas’ s theory of life world from three aspects: the background of the theory,the theoretical theme and the main content.Through comparison,we can see that although Marx and Habermas lived in different times and faced different problems,their theories had something in common.The first is criticism.Both of them,based on the social reality at that time,severely criticized the unreasonable situation faced by the society at that time,and found a way to solve the social problems in the process of criticism;Secondly,it is generative and developmental.The life world of Marx and Habermas is not a rigid,closed,unchanging world,nor a cold,lonely material world,but a developing and changing world with the participation of real people;Finally,it is his pursuit of the goal of human liberation.Marx’s lifelong goal is to achieve the all-round and free development of human beings,and ultimately complete the liberation of the whole human race.Habermas is to build a rationalized life world,so that the social relationship between people from being enslaved by the system before can be transformed into a kind of communication relationship that is free of repression,distortion,and equal consultation,so as to establish an equal and free society and achieve human liberation.In addition to the similarities,Marx’s life world theory and Habermas’ s life world theory are more different.The first is practicality,which can be said to be the biggest difference between Marx’s life world theory and Habermas’ s life world theory.Here in Marx,the life world is a perceptual real life world that is participated by real people and based on people’s practical activities.People understand the world and transform the world through practical activities.The real life world is the result of people’s practical activities and constantly promotes the development of the real life world in the process of practice.Habermas’ life world is a spiritual world at the cultural level,which is composed of three elements: culture,society and personality.The moral norms play a more important role than practical activities.Secondly,it is revolutionary.As early as in the Outline on Feuerbach,Marx emphasized that "the problem lies in changing the world",and pointed out in the German Ideology that "all problems lie in revolutionizing the existing world and actually opposing and changing existing things".In order to completely change the alienation of human beings and realize their all-round and free development,we must carry out "political revolution",overthrow bourgeois rule and establish proletarian regime.Habermas,on the other hand,believes that the various crises arising from capitalism should be attributed to the separation of the system from the life world,which was caused by the colonization of the life world by the separated system represented by money and power.This is a kind of "anemia" at the cultural level,which should be resolved through cultural reform,namely,the restoration of the rationalization of the life world.It is precisely because of their different positions,different audiences,and different solutions and implementation paths that the differences between the two are so huge.Marx stood in the proletarian position,based on people in real life,and pursued the fundamental happiness of the overwhelming majority of the people.Habermas,on the other hand,stood on the position of the bourgeoisie in order to maintain the stability of bourgeois rule.Through the comparison of Marx’s and Habermas’ life world theories,we can clearly understand the theoretical essence of western Marxists and the progressiveness and transcendence of Marxist philosophy.