Study Of Stangier’s Chinese-German Dictionary

Due to social changes and exchanges between China and the West,many Chinese language teaching materials for foreigners were published from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,reflecting the characteristics of the official language or regional dialects of the time,of which the Chinese-German language learning literature was an important component.This paper is a pioneering study of the Chinese-German Dictionary compiled by the German Societas Verbi Divini(Latin,abbreviated SVD)missionary P.Joseph Stangier,collating the word entries of the original documents and conducting phonetic and lexical studies in order to present the face of Chinese-German language learning literature in the Republican period,while reflecting the general picture of the local Shandong dialects at that time.This paper consists of five chapters,the main contents of which are as follows:Chapter 1,Introduction.This chapter focuses on the overview of Western missionaries’missions in China,the missionary trajectory of the German Missionary Society in Shandong,the Chinese learning and missionary footprints of the author and revisers,and presents a description of the main content of the dictionary’s style.The literature on Chinese-German language learning is analyzed and explained in terms of the literature studied in this paper,the literature that has been studied in the academy,and the literature to be studied to clarify the significance of the study and the research methodology.Chapter 2,the phonological construction of the Chinese-German Dictionary.The 5,123 example words of Chinese-German Dictionary are categorized and organized in terms of initials,finals and tones to form a homophone table and a list of initials-finals-tones fits.The phonological system of the dictionary was initially estimated by combining the organization of the dictionary words,the German alphabet pronunciation,the Mandarin Pinyin Scheme in the Republican Period and other Chinese-German foreign literature.Chapter 3,the comparative study with the Mandarin pinyin scheme in the Republican Period and other related pinyin schemes.Since there is a clear correspondence in the dictionary,this chapter mainly uses the Zhao Yuanren’s Guoyu Pinyin Scheme to make a comparative study,while the pinyin schemes of the Chinese-German language learning literature of three missionaries of SVD are selected for comparative study.The differences between the dialects of Shandong recorded in each of them are found in the comparison and contrast.Chapter 4,a comparative study of the phonology of Chinese-German Dictionary and Shandong dialects.Combining the dictionary version and the initial combing of phonological features,the representative points of West Qi,West Lu,East Wei,and East Lai pieces:Jinan,Heze,Jinxiang of Jining,Laoshan,and Rongcheng,were selected for a comparative phonological study of initials,finals and tones.The dictionary reflects the characteristics of Shandong dialects,especially the dialect of West Lu piece,and reflects the intermediate state of changes such as the amalgamation of the accents of Jiantuan of Shandong dialects.The study of the phonetic evolution pattern of Shandong dialects will provide an important example for the study of the whole history of Chinese language and help the construction of the history of Chinese phonetic development.Chapter 5,the lexical study of Stangier’s Chinese-German Dictionary.The lexicon of the dictionary is classified and organized,and representative points of the West Qi,West Lu,East Wei,and East Lai pieces are selected for comparison with the dictionary in terms of characteristic dialect vocabulary,which provides important supporting evidence for determining the specific pieces of Shandong dialects recorded in the dictionary.A dictionary cover is included at the end of the paper to identify the Chinese title of the book;a glossary of dictionary classification is attached for reference and research.