Experimental Study On The Nasal Finals Acquisition Errors Of The Intermediate Level American Students

Accurate pronunciation of Putonghua is an important basis for accurate and effective communication.The nose finals in Mandarin Chinese are large in number and complex in structure,which is the focus and difficulty of Mandarin Chinese phonetic learning.In order to reduce the failure of communication caused by incorrect pronunciation of nasal vowels by foreign students,this paper adopts the method of phonics experiment and takes the nasal vowels of two Chinese speakers of Mandarin first class B level who have received professional broadcasting training as reference,to investigate and analyze the pronunciation of zero and non-zero vowels in four American intermediate Chinese level learners with the same Chinese education background.The experiment was divided into two parts.First,the vowel formant track was used to present the overall differences of mouth opening,tongue position and soft palate height corresponding to the nasal vowel formants in Mandarin between Chinese and American speakers.In the experiment,the phonological analysis software Praat was used to extract the Hertz values of the formants F1,F2 and F3 of 11 points in the whole vowel segment of each vowel as the basic data,and the nasal finals of all zero initial and non-zero initial syllables were collected respectively to take the average value,and then the data was presented with the scatter diagram.Intuitively compare the differences in pronunciation of nasal finals between Chinese and American speakers.The second is to use the vowel v value distribution map to show the differences between zero and non-zero initials,that is,between different syllables of Chinese and American nasal finals in mouth opening,tongue position and round lip degree.In the experiment,Praat was used to extract the three formant values of the stable segment of the nasal vowel of each syllable as the basic data for v value calculation.For the vowel part of the diphthong,the head vowel and the essential vowel were extracted respectively.After normalization and relativization of the extracted data with the calculation formula of v value,the distribution of the nasal finals in each syllable is presented with the three-dimensional map.On this basis,the causes of the errors are analyzed and the teaching suggestions are put forward.The experimental results show that:There are confusion between"音(tone)"and"英(Britan)","烟(smoke)"and"渊(deep)","澄清(clarification)"and"成亲(marriage)","关心(concern)"and"观星(stargazing)"in the nasal vowels of American learners.The variation difference of nose vowel F3 in American learners is smaller than that in Chinese learners.The high vowel[yan]tongue position is not high enough,and the front vowel[ian],[i?],[ia?],[yn],[y?][[a?],[in],[uan],[u??],[yan]is too far forward.The opening degree of nasal vowel with diphthong in front is lower than that of Chinese speakers except[ian].The round lip degree of the nose finals is smaller than that of Chinese speakers.Different syllables have influence on the pronunciation of nasal finals in both countries,and the influence distribution and size are different.