Study On The Markup Policy Of Posts And Telecommunications In 1922

After China joined the UPU in 1914,the UPU Madrid conference decided to raise the postage standard in 1921;After the successful recovery of guest mail at the Washington Conference in 1922,China’s postal sovereignty gradually became independent,and the post and telecommunications industry expanded rapidly,becoming the only profitable unit in the vertical management department of the Beijing government;In order to alleviate the deficit of the central government,the post and Telecommunications tariff increase has become an ideal choice for the Beijing government.Local governments under the inter provincial autonomy movement not only often withhold central taxes,but also find it more difficult to support the post and Telecommunications price increase policy that damages local interests.To this end,the General Post Office submitted an application to increase the post and telecommunications price to the Ministry of Transport in August 1922.The ministry of Transportation is divided over the wide range of price increases.After the Postal Office explained the postage standards,preferential practices,and external relations,the ministry approved the application in principle,and formulated a response plan based on the limited impact object,remote postal road transportation and labor cost loss.The Ministry of Transport announced that the post and telecommunications premium policy would take effect on November 1.After the policy was introduced,the provinces such as Shanxi,Shaanxi,Guizhou,Yunnan and other remote areas were beneficiaries of post and telecommunications losses,the three eastern provinces,Guangdong,Hunan,Sichuan,Anhui,Fujian and other provinces,the few individuals or groups close to the authorities met the development demand,opposing local interference in postal services and price increase.The foreign powers in China,represented by Britain,the United States and Japan,intend to resume passenger mail,questioning the price increase on the grounds of endangering their own interests,but stopped speaking out after obtaining the promise of the Ministry of Transport to lower the postage standards.The group appealed to the provincial government,which damages local autonomy,weakens commercial development and affects education and cultural popularization.After the Beijing government refused,the local government directly banned the markup,and proposed the postal service and establishing civil bureau.Silent provinces had no specific response;supporters made it clear that the markup was not unacceptable.In response to the opinions against the price increase policy,the China Postal Administration emphasized the necessity of price increase,on the other hand,and instructed the post offices of various provinces to take some compulsory means to implement the price increase policy,and signed the low postage clause in exchange for the silence of Japan and Midea.However,with the increasing number of provinces and regions banning price increases,opposition occupies the mainstream of public opinion,and even within the Beijing government is becoming more and more obvious.With powerful opponents,silent provinces standing by and weak supporters,the Beijing government was forced to suspend the price increase policy at a cabinet meeting on December 28,1922,and the Ministry of Transport immediately issued a document to cancel the price increase.The Beijing government’s post and telecommunications pricing policy has failed.The markup policy not only failed to improve the finance,but also because the old and new postal charging policy in parallel,the local government divisions have intensified,the central postal rights weakened,the low postage paid for silence,the Japanese mail "resurgence",leading to the shrinkage of the state postal market and the damage of national postal rights.The death of the price increase policy not only damaged the authority of the central government,but also gave the local governments the power to independently retain the price increase project,which laid the curse for the local governments to frequently change the postage.It was the beginning of weakening and even controlling the country’s postal rights,and intensified the national division and social chaos.