Betweentext And Historical Facts:Astudy Of The Abdication Writing In Middle Ages

The historical writing of "Han and Wei Stories" in Chen Shou’s "Three Kingdoms" is quite different from the history books of Wei and Jin Dynasties and the official history of Southern and Northern Dynasties.The specific process and instrument system of Han and Wei abdication in "Three Kingdoms" are relatively simple,so Pei Songzhi quoted a large number of documents of Cao and Wei national history to supplement it.After the Southern Dynasty,the important joints in the abdication,the large-scale records of ceremonial articles such as imperial edicts,policy texts and seal books,have gradually shown a trend of neatness and pattern.The dynasty replacement mode of imperial power abdication has been gradually accepted by the society,and the repeated appearance of abdication mode and its recognition promote and influence each other.In the opposing Northern Dynasty,the related process of abdication and the records of rites and texts were more omitted and random.That is to say,the abdication writing in Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties generally presents the characteristics of detailed and unorganized,slightly and methodical,detailed and neat,slightly and casual.Considering that abdication,as a political project,is not accomplished overnight,but has its continuity and integrity.Observing the records before the abdication,examining the writing of the image of the abdicator in different periods,the background of the country and the merits of the recipient of the abdication.In the process of the abdication in Wei and Jin Dynasties,the harsh external environment was the main theme of the abdication background.In addition,the writing of the image-building of the abdication monarch,such as his administrative ability and moral quality,gradually appeared and became the internal background of the abdication.In the history books,the writing mode of combining the background of the times with the personal factors of the administrators is gradually adopted,and the writing of the preparatory work for Zen Dynasty adopts the dual-track parallel form of "merit" which pacifies the world externally and "ability+virtue" which is better inside.Since then,the writing of "ability+virtue" has gradually emerged and its importance has been continuously enhanced.This process is accompanied by the writing orientation that the conflict between the abdicator and the new monarch gradually reveals and intensifies.After the Song Dynasty,there were few descriptions of the background of troubled times in the preparation stage of abdication,but there were many settings for the monarch’s loss of morality.Under this arrangement,the influence of the new monarch’s personal factors was more important than the background of the times,and the achievements of Qi Liang and Chen were not as good as those of Liu Song,so the writing importance of the new monarch’s personal "ability+virtue" became more and more significant.Correspondingly,the conflict between the new king and the abdicator in the Southern Dynasty was still written in a secret way,but it was gradually strengthened.Influenced by external factors,its change does not show a linear upward and downward trend,but changes on the basis of overall enhancement.Song Shu gradually appeared,while the conflict between Nan Qi Shu and Liang Shu increased dramatically,while Chen Shu was more secretive.During this period,there were also some changes in the "merit writing" of the new monarch model.The exemplary writing mode of "Nine Great Merits",which was established by "Ce Wei Gong Jiu Xi Wen",was inherited by Song Shu and Nanqi Shu,while Liang Shu and Chen Shu gradually increased the achievements of new kings’ merits and served to gain legitimacy in their abdication project.As for the writing of giving way to the country in the preparation stage of the abdication in the Northern Dynasty,the deliberate narration of the background of the abdication is almost no longer related.And more in a more intuitive way to reflect the conflict,reflecting the competition between the two forces,and sometimes showing the dark side of abdication.It can be seen that at that time,in writing,the previous generation’s writing mode of "no longer destiny" or "no morality" of abdicated kings was gradually abandoned to create a foundation for the great cause of abdication,and the trespass and illegality brought about by conflicts were gradually ignored,and the legitimacy of kingship was attempted to be obtained completely by the achievements of new kings or such "violent achievements".The summary"meritorious writing" in this period also changed from the tradition of Wei,Jin and Southern Dynasties.It did not appear in the documents of sealing the public according to the convention,but was summarized in the documents of sealing the king.Compared with the Southern Dynasty,the slightly random writing of merits in the Northern Dynasty did not seem to pay enough attention to its function.After abdicating,the writing about the resettlement of the abdicated emperor group also showed some changes.From the detailed degree of the text,from Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Southern and Northern Dynasties,its records are generally characterized by gradual abbreviation.From the writing content,it adopts the resettlement record mode of abdicated emperor group "before and after death".From the perspective of writing sequence,from Han and Wei Dynasties to Wei and Jin Dynasties,and then to the Southern and Northern Dynasties,its sequence changed constantly and gradually finalized.The resettlement of the former royal family has been reduced from "the first place" to "the second place"after the dynasty change,which means that its attention has been reduced.Furthermore,the resettlement of abdicated emperors changed from"Feng" to "Feng",and the abdicated emperors changed from the tradition of"sealing the king" since the abdication of Han and Wei Dynasties to "sealing the public" in Zhou and Sui Dynasties,which also reflected that their respect was absent and their role was weak.