| Ruminative thinking is a core factor in a range of disorders such as depression and anxiety,and an important judgment basis for clinical referrals.Ruminative thinking has attracted the attention of researchers since it was proposed,and it is associated with many psychological disorders and affects people’s mental health.This study investigated the explanatory bias of college students with different levels of ruminant thinking at high and low levels through word association paradigm,fuzzy context paradigm,and contemplative distraction state paradigm to explore the characteristics of individuals with different levels of ruminant thinking on immediate and delayed explanations,to compare the differences in explanatory bias between individuals with high and low ruminant thinking,the differences in explanatory bias between individuals with high and low ruminant thinking in social situations,and the differences in immediate explanatory bias and delayed differences in explanatory bias.To add evidence to the cognitive bias of ruminative thinking,to provide a theoretical basis for interventions in ruminative thinking,and to enrich research on creative cognitive reappraisal.The present study consisted of three studies and six experiments.Study 1 explores the characteristics of the explanatory bias of high and low trait ruminant thinking college students,and explores the characteristics and differences in the immediate explanatory bias of high and low trait ruminant college students through Experiment 1.Study 2 explored the characteristics and differences in the delayed explanatory bias of high and low trait ruminant college students through Experiment 2.Based on the study of trait ruminant thinking,Study 2 further explored the characteristics of the explanatory bias of high and low trait ruminant thinking individuals under state ruminant,and explored the characteristics and differences in the immediate explanatory bias of high and low ruminant thinking individuals under contemplative and distracted states since Experiment 3.The two groups under contemplative and distracted states in The characteristics and differences in the immediate explanation bias between the two groups in social and non-social contexts were explored through Experiment 3.Experiment 4 explored the characteristics and differences in the delayed explanatory bias of high and low ruminant individuals in the contemplative and distracted states,and the characteristics and differences in the delayed explanatory bias of both groups in the contemplative and distracted states in social and nonsocial contexts;in Study 3,it further explored whether creative cognitive reappraisal affects the explanatory bias of individuals with different levels of ruminant thinking in the states.Experiment 5 was conducted to explore the effects of creative cognitive reappraisal on the immediate explanatory bias of high and low ruminant individuals,as well as the effects of immediate explanatory bias in social and nonsocial contexts.Experiment 6 was used to explore the effects of creative cognitive reappraisal on delayed interpretation bias in high and low ruminant individuals,as well as on delayed interpretation bias in social and nonsocial contexts.The results showed that(1)high trait ruminant individuals had more negative explanatory bias;in social situations,high trait ruminant individuals had more negative explanatory bias;high trait ruminant individuals had negative explanatory bias in both immediate and delayed explanatory bias;(2)under state ruminant,compared to low ruminant individuals,high ruminant individuals had more negative explanatory bias;in immediate and delayed bias,high ruminant individuals had(3)Compared with general cognitive reappraisal,creative cognitive reappraisal was more effective in regulating emotions;in terms of immediate explanatory bias,creative cognitive reappraisal and general cognitive reappraisal had significantly different explanatory bias for high and low ruminants;under state ruminant,low ruminants who had learned creative cognitive reappraisal had less negative explanatory bias.Under state rumination,the low rumination group who had learned creative cognitive reappraisal had less negative explanatory bias;in social situations,the low rumination group who had learned creative cognitive reappraisal had less negative explanatory bias;in delayed explanations,the effect of creative cognitive reappraisal and general cognitive reappraisal did not differ significantly.The conclusions were as follows: high trait ruminants had negative interpretive bias in immediate and delayed interpretive bias,especially in social situations;high ruminants had more negative interpretive bias in state ruminants;creative cognitive reappraisal was effective in regulating emotions;creative cognitive reappraisal reduced negative interpretive bias in low ruminants. |
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