An Error Analysis Of Persian Speaking Students In Learning Chinese Common Tenses And Aspects

The tense and aspect category is one of the most important research fields of linguistics in various human languages.Tense and aspect category can generally be reflected through the vocabulary itself,grammatical expressions and syntactic devices.Different language systems tend to have different structures,and the means of expressing tense and aspect categories are usually different.Because Chinese and Persian belong to different language systems,namely Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European languages,the two languages are quite different in grammar,especially in terms of verb tenses and aspects.In Persian,the verb is often the center of the whole sentence,which has both the lexical meaning expressed by the verb itself and the dual meaning of tense,aspect,number and person in the whole sentence.In Persian,the variety of tense category changes is shown by the verb itself,but Chinese is different from Persian in this regard.The tense,person,form and number aspects of the Chinese language are not reflected by the verb,but by the vocabulary specially used to express the tense and aspect in the sentence with the subject and the predicate.Since there is no such vocabulary in Persian,students with Persian background will over-speculate the Chinese tense when learning Chinese dynamic particles,which often leads to errors when using Chinese particles or adverbs.Although the verb tense and aspect is a very important grammar point in learning Chinese,no scholars have studied the tense and aspect comparison between Chinese and Persian,and there is no research on the mastery of Chinese tense and aspect by students with Persian background.The author as an Iranian,believes that it is necessary to analyze the tense and aspect expressions of Chinese and Persian languages,the errors and the reasons of errors when students with Persian background learn Chinese tenses and aspects,and propose appropriate solutions.In this paper,a questionnaire survey method is used to obtain the error corpus of Persian-speaking students when they acquire Chinese tenses and aspects.The collected corpus is classified and summarized,and then the types of errors that often occur in the acquisition of Chinese tenses and aspects by students with Persian background are analyzed,and then the negative transfer of knowledge of mother tongue and target language,the comparative study of Chinese and Polish,the lack of Chinese textbooks,teachers,teaching and learners’ own factors,sum up the reasons for the errors,and finally put forward some appropriate countermeasures for teachers,teaching methods and students.It is hoped that it will be helpful to the Persian background students who are learning Chinese in understanding and expressing different tenses and aspects in Chinese.