On The Stages And Grades Of The Tombs Of The Nobility Of Jin In The Early Zhou Dynasty

Since the 1960s,archaeologists have successively found large cemeteries such as Shangma cemetery,Qucun cemetery of Tianma Qucun site,jinhou cemetery of northern Zhao,Wenxi shangguo cemetery,Western Zhou cemetery in the southwest of Changzi County,yangtongue cemetery and two weeks cemetery in the north of Taosi.The number of tombs is rich and spans the whole Zhou Dynasty.Based on the early Zhou Dynasty,this paper studies the stages,ages and grades of the bronze ritual tombs belonging to this period,in order to explore the hierarchical characteristics of the tombs of the noble classes in Jin in different stages in the early Zhou Dynasty.The first chapter is introduction.This paper defines the space-time scope and research object of this paper,combs and summarizes the previous research on the level of Jin noble tombs,points out the existing problems,and explains the significance and research ideas of the topic.The second chapter mainly introduces the discovery,preservation and excavation of Jin noble tombs and important bronze ware groups in the early Zhou Dynasty,mainly including the northern Zhao jinhou cemetery and Qucun cemetery of Tianma Qucun site,Wenxi shangguo cemetery,yangtongue cemetery,Xiangfen Taosi northern two weeks cemetery and Shangma cemetery.The third chapter is the stages and years.Taking a single cemetery as a unit,this paper studies the staging and dating of copper ritual tombs in cemeteries with rich data,and constructs the staging system of noble tombs in the state of Jin in the early Zhou Dynasty.This paper divides the tombs of Jin nobles in the early Zhou Dynasty into two periods and seven sections.The first period corresponds to the early and Middle Western Zhou Dynasty,and the second period corresponds to the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle spring and Autumn period.Then it summarizes the general evolution law of utensils contained in the two periods: the evolution characteristics of tripod are the most obvious.The tripod evolved from a vertical earlobe belly tripod to an ear attached drum belly tripod.Later,there were small tripods with regional characteristics,and there were also square tripods,tripods and other types in the middle;The tripod and the tripod gradually changed from being mainly open to being mainly closed.The belly of the tripod and the tripod became wider and shallower as a whole.Other species were matched with the tripod and the tripod and the tripod and the tripod and the tripod and the tripod and the tripod and the tripod and the tripod and the tripod and the tripod and the tripod were later exposed.Various types of wine vessels also changed in stages,which were more popular in the Western Zhou Dynasty and gradually decreased after the early spring and Autumn period.Like the water vessel tripod,the characteristics of the water vessel tripod changed significantly in the early Zhou Dynasty.The overall abdomen became shallower,and the tripod,plate and tripod were matched with each other.The fourth chapter constructs a hierarchy of Jin aristocratic tombs in the early Zhou Dynasty.Taking a single cemetery as the analysis unit,according to the early and Middle Western Zhou Dynasty and the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the early spring and Autumn period,the scale of the tomb chamber,the hierarchical structure of burial utensils and funerary objects and their interrelationships were observed,and the hierarchical structure and performance of a single cemetery were summarized.Finally,a hierarchy of the tombs of Jin nobles in the early Zhou Dynasty was established,that is,the early and Middle Western Zhou Dynasty,the late Western Zhou Dynasty and the early spring and Autumn period can be divided into four levels,the first level-the monarch(wife)of the vassal state,the second level-Qing,the third level-the doctor,and the fourth level-scholar,summarizing the characteristics of each level in terms of the size of the tombs,burial utensils,and funerary objects.The fifth chapter is the conclusion.Summarize the full text and point out the shortcomings of the article.