Study On Garden Ground Industry In The Middle And Lower Reaches Of Yellow River In Wei,Jin And Southern And Northern Dynasties Period

The garden ground industry is mainly based on the production of fruits and vegetables,and is an important sector of agriculture.In the pre-Qin,Qin and Han Dynasties period,The garden ground industry gradually separated from the field agriculture and got preliminary development.During the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties period,an integrated masterpiece representing the technical level of agricultural production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,’ Qi Min Yao Shu ’ was written,and the production of garden ground industry has also been systematically summarized.During the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties period,the crop species in the garden in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River increased significantly,and the planting pattern of garden ground industry in later generations was basically formed.At that time,the crop composition of The garden ground industry was divided into three categories : one is the traditional garden fruits and vegetables since the pre-Qin period,such as sunflower,peach,apricot,plum,etc.,the cultivation of such crops is more common,the varieties are also increased,and the largest proportion in the garden ground production;second,some fruits and vegetables were newly cultivated by the people at that time,such as Isatis indigotica,Cordierite and so on.Because of the short time of cultivation,the varieties were relatively single,and the planting was not common.Third,some garden crops have been introduced abroad since the Western Han Dynasty,such as muskmelon,pomegranate,grapes and so on.These crops have completed the localization in the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties period,and began to plant in the garden of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.During the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties period,the cultivation and cultivation techniques of garden ground industry in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River developed rapidly.In the cultivation of garden land,continuous cropping,rotation,intercropping and mixed cropping have made breakthroughs,showing the characteristics of high multiple cropping.Intensive border planting and regional planting are the most widely used farming techniques in garden production.In the cultivation techniques of garden crops,the production links such as sowing and seedling raising,planting,garden management and harvesting are highly refined,and the cultivation and management technology system of fine tillage is formed.With the development of production technology in garden ground industry,the processing and storage technology of garden fruits and vegetables is also more mature.The management mode of the garden ground industry in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River during the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties period is closely related to the development of land ownership.In terms of its scale and nature,it can be roughly divided into small farm garden,landlord manor garden and temple garden.During the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,wars were frequent in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,and the development of commodity economy was setbacks.However,fruit and vegetable products,as necessities of people ’ s daily life,still had a wide range of market trade.Diversified garden business provides abundant fruit and vegetable products for the market and promotes the recovery and development of commodity economy.The rapid development of the garden ground industry in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River during the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties period is closely related to the superior characteristics of the garden ground industry,the encouragement of national policies and the extensive exchanges in various regions.The exploration of garden ground industry production technology has enriched agricultural production technology,improved the extensive state of field farming,and promoted the formation of fine farming system in dry farming agriculture in the north.