| The thought of alienation is an essential part of Marx’s theory of historical materialism.The understanding of alienation thought not only involves grasping the essence and connotation of historical materialism but also enriches and develops historical materialism itself to a certain extent and provides essential practical guidance for contemporary social life.In the history of human civilization,the concept of "alienation" has rich connotations.It was not a proper term in the philosophical field at first,and then it was transformed by German classical philosophy to refer to the transfer of the essential attributes of man to others.Based on inheriting German classical philosophy,Marx further placed the concept of "alienation" in the realistic picture of the new world outlook of historical materialism to refer to the social phenomenon that people are ruled by their practical activities and products.In Marx’s view,the social division of labour and the emergence of private ownership are the primary sources of alienation.The occurrence and overcoming of alienation must ultimately return to human practice and its historical development to find the answer.This article aims to systematically sort out the overall context and the primary connotation of Marx’s alienation thought based on exploring the formation logic of historical materialism,relying on the classic texts of Marxism and based on the perspective of historical materialism.To conduct an in-depth discussion on the evolution process and the contemporary value of Marx’s alienation thought and seek a theoretical basis for answering new problems of contemporary social alienation.This article reveals the formation and development process of Marx’s alienation thought with the theoretical framework and methodological principles of historical materialism,mainly including the following contents: First,it focuses on the premise and foundation of Marx’s alienation thought formation.The formation of Marx’s thought of alienation results from a summary of the actual historical conditions and the synergy of previous philosophers’ thoughts of alienation.Through the study of the classic works of Hegel and Feuerbach,Marx criticized and absorbed the problem of alienation in his ideological system.Combining with the characteristics of the time of capitalist society,the in-depth analysis of the living conditions of European society at that period is the premise,and basis for the formation of its alienation thought.Secondly,based on sorting out the formation context of Marx’s alienation thought,it studies the primary connotation of Marx’s alienation thought.The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,an essential text for expounding alienation thoughts,gives an overview of the primary connotation of Marx’s labour alienation problem based on the original work.In-depth analysis of the four-level logic of Marx’s thought of labour alienation and its progressive relationship.Based on clarifying the primary connotation of Marx’s thought of alienation,it explores the form of alienation thought in capitalist society and the path of sublation,thus realizing the realization of Marx’s visions of the future society.Furthermore,it explores the essential theoretical characteristics of Marx’s alienation thought and differentiated Marx’s alienation thought from that of previous philosophers.Marx pays attention to the creativity and change of practice,and practice is perceptual communication.Criticality means that the problem of alienation stems from both the critique of ideas and the critique of reality.In ideology,it originated in the critique of classical political economy and romanticism;in reality,it was a critique of capital logic.Historicity means "provisionality".Therefore,to understand the historical evolution logic of alienation thought,it is necessary to clarify that the alienation problem is the unity of historicity and reality based on practice.And from the perspective of history,it shows that "real people" have a close relationship with alienation thought in the process of historical development to explore the comprehensive development path of human beings.The fourth part explains the previous studies on alienation thought by Western Marxists and modern Marxists.Marx’s alienation thought has significantly influenced Western Marxism,such as Lukacs,Frankfurt School,etc.Given the focus of the problem,this thesis focuses on the influence of Lukacs and Marcuse."Materialization" is originally a neutral concept,but Lukács’ interpretation directly refers to the social condition of measuring people with objects in capitalist society.He pointed out that materialization thought obliterates people’s creativity,and it can only be eliminated in practical practice.As one of the crucial figures of the Frankfurt School,Marcuse criticized the capitalist society,pointing out that in the capitalist society,people lost their ideas and only focused on material pursuits but lacked spiritual pursuits,making one-dimensional people.Different researches on alienation thoughts also appear in modern western social thought,taking representatives of Western Marxists as examples to study the contemporary problems of Marx’s alienation thoughts.Finally,material life in today’s society is rich and developed,but material oppression is still a common problem in capitalist social life.From the perspective of today’s real life,explore the contemporary significance of alienation.In the long history,we should have a dialogue with real life,with classic texts,and with the times.Based on today’s society,the phenomenon of alienation is no longer limited to material production but penetrates all aspects of social life and appears in many fields such as consumption,culture,education,ecology and so on in a brand-new form.This paper aims to start from the alienation thought,explain the basic concept of historical materialism,and think deeply about the alienation problem in a capitalist society,which can further develop historical materialism and help promote the further development of socialism in Chinese characteristics.It provides an essential theoretical basis for my country to build a modern and powerful nation. |
